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Despite the availability of large-scale 3D datasets and advancements in 3D generative models, the complexity and uneven quality of 3D geometry and texture data continue to hinder the performance of 3D generation techniques. In most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xin Yang , Jiantao Lin , Yingjie Xu , Haodong Li , Yingcong Chen

Simple board games, like Tic-Tac-Toe and CONNECT-4, play an important role not only in the development of mathematical and logical skills, but also in the emotional and social development. In this paper, we address the problem of generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Umair Z. Ahmed , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Sumit Gulwani

This paper introduces the Procedural Content Generation Benchmark for evaluating generative algorithms on different game content creation tasks. The benchmark comes with 12 game-related problems with multiple variants on each problem.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Ahmed Khalifa , Roberto Gallotta , Matthew Barthet , Antonios Liapis , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis

We describe a hidden surface removal algorithm for two-dimensional layered scenes built from arbitrary primitives, particularly suited to interaction and animation in rich scenes (for example, in illustration). The method makes use of a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-11-04 John Whitington

Scalable generation of outdoor driving scenes requires 3D representations that remain consistent across multiple viewpoints and scale to large areas. Existing solutions either rely on image or video generative models distilled to 3D space,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hiba Dahmani , Nathan Piasco , Moussab Bennehar , Luis Roldão , Dzmitry Tsishkou , Laurent Caraffa , Jean-Philippe Tarel , Roland Brémond

Prevailing 3D texture generation methods, which often rely on multi-view fusion, are frequently hindered by inter-view inconsistencies and incomplete coverage of complex surfaces, limiting the fidelity and completeness of the generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yifei Zeng , Yajie Bao , Jiachen Qian , Shuang Wu , Youtian Lin , Hao Zhu , Buyu Li , Feihu Zhang , Xun Cao , Yao Yao

Search-based procedural content generation uses stochastic global optimization algorithms to search for game content. However, standard tree search algorithms can be competitive with evolution on some optimization problems. We investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Debosmita Bhaumik , Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

Balancing games, especially those with asymmetric multiplayer content, requires significant manual effort and extensive human playtesting during development. For this reason, this work focuses on generating balanced levels tailored to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Florian Rupp , Kai Eckert

Texture and material blending is one of the leading methods for adding variety to rendered virtual worlds, creating composite materials, and generating procedural content. When done naively, it can introduce either visible seams or contrast…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Bartlomiej Wronski

The automatic generation of game tutorials is a challenging AI problem. While it is possible to generate annotations and instructions that explain to the player how the game is played, this paper focuses on generating a gameplay experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , Gabriella A. B. Barros , Andy Nealen , Julian Togelius

This paper explores the question of creating and maintaining terrain maps in environments where the terrain changes. The specific example explored is the construction of terrain maps from 3D LiDAR measurements on an electric rope shovel.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Vedant Bhandari , Jasmin James , Tyson Phillips , P. Ross McAree

Open-endedness, primarily studied in the context of artificial life, is the ability of systems to generate potentially unbounded ontologies of increasing novelty and complexity. Engineering generative systems displaying at least some degree…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Aaron Dharna , Julian Togelius , L. B. Soros

We study the problem of visibility in polyhedral terrains in the presence of multiple viewpoints. We consider a triangulated terrain with $m>1$ viewpoints (or guards) located on the terrain surface. A point on the terrain is considered…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-12-02 Ferran Hurtado , Maarten Löffler , Inês Matos , Vera Sacristán , Maria Saumell , Rodrigo I. Silveira , Frank Staals

We introduce a recipe for generating immersive 3D worlds from a single image by framing the task as an in-context learning problem for 2D inpainting models. This approach requires minimal training and uses existing generative models. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Katja Schwarz , Denys Rozumnyi , Samuel Rota Bulò , Lorenzo Porzi , Peter Kontschieder

We present an approach to generate novel computer game levels that blend different game concepts in an unsupervised fashion. Our primary contribution is an analogical reasoning process to construct blends between level design models learned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-10 Matthew Guzdial , Mark Riedl

3D scene generation seeks to synthesize spatially structured, semantically meaningful, and photorealistic environments for applications such as immersive media, robotics, autonomous driving, and embodied AI. Early methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Beichen Wen , Haozhe Xie , Zhaoxi Chen , Fangzhou Hong , Ziwei Liu

Results from a triple-blind mixed-method user study into the effectiveness of mixed-initiative tools for the procedural generation of game levels are presented. A tool which generates levels using interactive evolutionary optimisation was…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sean P. Walton , Alma A. M. Rahat , James Stovold

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) has demonstrated its usefulness as a content and game creation approach, and has been shown to be able to support human creativity. An important facet of creativity is combinational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Sam Snodgrass , Anurag Sarkar

We apply column generation to approximating complex structured objects via a set of primitive structured objects under either the cross entropy or L2 loss. We use L1 regularization to encourage the use of few structured primitive objects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Julian Yarkony , Kamalika Chaudhuri

We combine neural rendering with multi-modal image and text representations to synthesize diverse 3D objects solely from natural language descriptions. Our method, Dream Fields, can generate the geometry and color of a wide range of objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Ajay Jain , Ben Mildenhall , Jonathan T. Barron , Pieter Abbeel , Ben Poole