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With the recent advances in machine learning for quantum chemistry, it is now possible to predict the chemical properties of compounds and to generate novel molecules. Existing generative models mostly use a string- or graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-14 Vitali Nesterov , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

In many domains generating variable length sequences through insertions provides greater flexibility over autoregressive models. However, the action space of insertion models is much larger than that of autoregressive models (ARMs) making…

Although machine learning has been successfully used to propose novel molecules that satisfy desired properties, it is still challenging to explore a large chemical space efficiently. In this paper, we present a conditional molecular design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Seokho Kang , Kyunghyun Cho

Recent advances in Structure-based Drug Design (SBDD) have leveraged generative models for 3D molecular generation, predominantly evaluating model performance by binding affinity to target proteins. However, practical drug discovery…

One of the major applications of generative models for drug Discovery targets the lead-optimization phase. During the optimization of a lead series, it is common to have scaffold constraints imposed on the structure of the molecules…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-05 Maxime Langevin , Herve Minoux , Maximilien Levesque , Marc Bianciotto

Chemical space exploration underlies drug discovery, yet most generative models treat chemical space as a fixed, implicitly learned distribution, focusing on sampling molecules rather than deliberately designing the space itself. We…

Although generative models hold promise for discovering molecules with optimized desired properties, they often fail to suggest synthesizable molecules that improve upon the known molecules seen in training. We find that a key limitation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Evan R. Antoniuk , Peggy Li , Nathan Keilbart , Stephen Weitzner , Bhavya Kailkhura , Anna M. Hiszpanski

Generative molecular optimization aims to design molecules with properties surpassing those of existing compounds. However, such candidates are rare and expensive to evaluate, yielding sample efficiency essential. Additionally, surrogate…

Traditional drug discovery programs are being transformed by the advent of machine learning methods. Among these, Generative AI methods (GM) have gained attention due to their ability to design new molecules and enhance specific properties…

The rational design of molecules with desired properties is a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Generative neural networks have emerged as a powerful approach to sample novel molecules from a learned distribution. Here, we propose a…

While generative models have recently become ubiquitous in many scientific areas, less attention has been paid to their evaluation. For molecular generative models, the state-of-the-art examines their output in isolation or in relation to…

A well-known pitfall of molecular generative models is that they are not guaranteed to generate synthesizable molecules. Existing solutions for this problem often struggle to effectively navigate exponentially large combinatorial space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Seul Lee , Karsten Kreis , Srimukh Prasad Veccham , Meng Liu , Danny Reidenbach , Saee Paliwal , Weili Nie , Arash Vahdat

Designing new chemical compounds with desired pharmaceutical properties is a challenging task and takes years of development and testing. Still, a majority of new drugs fail to prove efficient. Recent success of deep generative modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Karina Zadorozhny , Lada Nuzhna

Generative machine learning models for exploring chemical space have shown immense promise, but many molecules they generate are too difficult to synthesize, making them impractical for further investigation or development. In this work, we…

We introduce Generator Matching, a modality-agnostic framework for generative modeling using arbitrary Markov processes. Generators characterize the infinitesimal evolution of a Markov process, which we leverage for generative modeling in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Peter Holderrieth , Marton Havasi , Jason Yim , Neta Shaul , Itai Gat , Tommi Jaakkola , Brian Karrer , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Yaron Lipman

We study how to generate molecule conformations (i.e., 3D structures) from a molecular graph. Traditional methods, such as molecular dynamics, sample conformations via computationally expensive simulations. Recently, machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Minkai Xu , Shitong Luo , Yoshua Bengio , Jian Peng , Jian Tang

Efficiently retrieving an enormous chemical library to design targeted molecules is crucial for accelerating drug discovery, organic chemistry, and optoelectronic materials. Despite the emergence of generative models to produce novel…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zijun Chen , Yu Wang , Liuzhenghao Lv , Hao Li , Zongying Lin , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

Stable diffusion models represent the state-of-the-art in data synthesis across diverse domains and hold transformative potential for applications in science and engineering, e.g., by facilitating the discovery of novel solutions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Stefano Zampini , Jacob K. Christopher , Luca Oneto , Davide Anguita , Ferdinando Fioretto

We study a fundamental problem in structure-based drug design -- generating molecules that bind to specific protein binding sites. While we have witnessed the great success of deep generative models in drug design, the existing methods are…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Jianzhu Ma , Jian Peng

Designing molecules that must satisfy multiple, often conflicting objectives is a central challenge in molecular discovery. The enormous size of chemical space and the cost of high-fidelity simulations have driven the development of machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Madhav R. Muthyala , Farshud Sorourifar , Tianhong Tan , You Peng , Joel A. Paulson