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Time series extrinsic regression (TSER) refers to the task of predicting a continuous target variable from an input time series. It appears in many domains, including healthcare, finance, environmental monitoring, and engineering. In these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Florent Forest , Amaury Wei , Olga Fink

Deep time series models continue to improve predictive performance, yet their deployment remains limited by their black-box nature. In response, existing interpretability approaches in the field keep focusing on explaining the internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Giovanni De Felice , Riccardo D'Elia , Alberto Termine , Pietro Barbiero , Giuseppe Marra , Silvia Santini

Interpretability is the study of explaining models in understandable terms to humans. At present, interpretability is divided into two paradigms: the intrinsic paradigm, which believes that only models designed to be explained can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Andreas Madsen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

The time series classification literature has expanded rapidly over the last decade, with many new classification approaches published each year. The research focus has mostly been on improving the accuracy and efficiency of classifiers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Thach Le Nguyen , Severin Gsponer , Iulia Ilie , Georgiana Ifrim

In spite of several claims stating that some models are more interpretable than others -- e.g., "linear models are more interpretable than deep neural networks" -- we still lack a principled notion of interpretability to formally compare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Pablo Barceló , Mikaël Monet , Jorge Pérez , Bernardo Subercaseaux

Explaining machine learning (ML) models for time series (TS) classification remains challenging due to the difficulty of interpreting raw time series and the high dimensionality of the input space. We introduce PHAR--Post-hoc Attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Maciej Mozolewski , Szymon Bobek , Grzegorz J. Nalepa

While recent advancements in Neural Ranking Models have resulted in significant improvements over traditional statistical retrieval models, it is generally acknowledged that the use of large neural architectures and the application of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sourav Saha , Harsh Agarwal , V Venktesh , Avishek Anand , Swastik Mohanty , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance, they tend to lack transparency in prediction. The pursuit of greater interpretability in neural networks often results in a degradation of their original performance. Some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Hefeng Wu , Hao Jiang , Keze Wang , Ziyi Tang , Xianghuan He , Liang Lin

Artificial intelligence (AI) has immense potential in time series prediction, but most explainable tools have limited capabilities in providing a systematic understanding of important features over time. These tools typically rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Feng Lu , Wei Li , Yifei Sun , Cheng Song , Yufei Ren , Albert Y. Zomaya

Time series data is prevalent in a wide variety of real-world applications and it calls for trustworthy and explainable models for people to understand and fully trust decisions made by AI solutions. We consider the problem of building…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Tsung-Yu Hsieh , Suhang Wang , Yiwei Sun , Vasant Honavar

Deep neural networks and other intricate Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have reached high levels of accuracy on many biomedical natural language processing tasks. However, their applicability in real-world use cases may be limited due…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

This paper is a contribution towards interpretability of the deep learning models in different applications of time-series. We propose a temporal attention layer that is capable of selecting the relevant information to perform various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Phongtharin Vinayavekhin , Subhajit Chaudhury , Asim Munawar , Don Joven Agravante , Giovanni De Magistris , Daiki Kimura , Ryuki Tachibana

Interpretability has arisen as a key desideratum of machine learning models alongside performance. Approaches so far have been primarily concerned with fixed dimensional inputs emphasizing feature relevance or selection. In contrast, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Guang-He Lee , David Alvarez-Melis , Tommi S. Jaakkola

Post-hoc explanation methods are an important class of approaches that help understand the rationale underlying a trained model's decision. But how useful are they for an end-user towards accomplishing a given task? In this vision paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Maximilian Idahl , Lijun Lyu , Ujwal Gadiraju , Avishek Anand

Past work in natural language processing interpretability focused mainly on popular classification tasks while largely overlooking generation settings, partly due to a lack of dedicated tools. In this work, we introduce Inseq, a Python…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Gabriele Sarti , Nils Feldhus , Ludwig Sickert , Oskar van der Wal , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

Self-explaining deep models are designed to learn the latent concept-based explanations implicitly during training, which eliminates the requirement of any post-hoc explanation generation technique. In this work, we propose one such model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Anirban Sarkar , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Anindya Sarkar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Explaining recommendations enables users to understand whether recommended items are relevant to their needs and has been shown to increase their trust in the system. More generally, if designing explainable machine learning models is key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin

Designing faithful yet accurate AI models is challenging, particularly in the field of individual treatment effect estimation (ITE). ITE prediction models deployed in critical settings such as healthcare should ideally be (i) accurate, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yinjun Wu , Mayank Keoliya , Kan Chen , Neelay Velingker , Ziyang Li , Emily J Getzen , Qi Long , Mayur Naik , Ravi B Parikh , Eric Wong

Time series forecasting using historical data has been an interesting and challenging topic, especially when the data is corrupted by missing values. In many industrial problem, it is important to learn the inference function between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Trang H. Tran , Lam M. Nguyen , Kyongmin Yeo , Nam Nguyen , Dzung Phan , Roman Vaculin , Jayant Kalagnanam

Trust and ethical concerns due to the widespread deployment of opaque machine learning (ML) models motivating the need for reliable model explanations. Post-hoc model-agnostic explanation methods addresses this challenge by learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sumedha Chugh , Ranjitha Prasad , Nazreen Shah