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Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

Post-hoc interpretability methods are critical tools to explain neural-network results. Several post-hoc methods have emerged in recent years, but when applied to a given task, they produce different results, raising the question of which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hugues Turbé , Mina Bjelogrlic , Christian Lovis , Gianmarco Mengaldo

The ubiquity of machine learning based predictive models in modern society naturally leads people to ask how trustworthy those models are? In predictive modeling, it is quite common to induce a trade-off between accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-05 John Mitros , Brian Mac Namee

The emergence of large-scale pretrained language models has posed unprecedented challenges in deriving explanations of why the model has made some predictions. Stemmed from the compositional nature of languages, spurious correlations have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Ruochen Zhao , Shafiq Joty , Yongjie Wang , Tan Wang

Discovering shapelets -- i.e., discriminative temporal patterns within time series -- has been widely studied to address the inherent complexity of time-series classification (TSC) and to make model decision-making processes more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Seongjun Lee , Seokhyun Lee , Changhee Lee

Explaining time series classification models is crucial, particularly in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and finance, where transparency and trust play a critical role. Although numerous time series classification methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bosong Huang , Ming Jin , Yuxuan Liang , Johan Barthelemy , Debo Cheng , Qingsong Wen , Chenghao Liu , Shirui Pan

Explainability methods have progressed rapidly, but global explanations for time-series models remain underdeveloped, with most approaches focusing on local, instance-level attributions. We introduce INSIGHTS, a model-agnostic, user-centric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bar Eini Porat , Rom Gutman , Uri Shalit , Ofra Amir

Identifying the extent to which every temporal segment influences a model's predictions is essential for explaining model decisions and increasing transparency. While post-hoc explainable methods based on gradients and feature-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Akash Pandey , Payal Mohapatra , Wei Chen , Qi Zhu , Sinan Keten

Most existing interpretable methods explain a black-box model in a post-hoc manner, which uses simpler models or data analysis techniques to interpret the predictions after the model is learned. However, they (a) may derive contradictory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Mengzhuo Guo , Qingpeng Zhang , Xiuwu Liao , Daniel Dajun Zeng

There have been several post-hoc explanation approaches developed to explain pre-trained black-box neural networks. However, there is still a gap in research efforts toward designing neural networks that are inherently explainable. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Subash Khanal , Benjamin Brodie , Xin Xing , Ai-Ling Lin , Nathan Jacobs

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

Deep clustering uncovers hidden patterns and groups in complex time series data, yet its opaque decision-making limits use in safety-critical settings. This survey offers a structured overview of explainable deep clustering for time series,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Udo Schlegel , Gabriel Marques Tavares , Thomas Seidl

Understanding directed temporal interactions in multivariate time series is essential for interpreting complex dynamical systems and the predictive models trained on them. We present Causal-INSIGHT, a model-agnostic, post-hoc interpretation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Benjamin Redden , Hui Wang , Shuyan Li

To tackle interpretability in deep learning, we present a novel framework to jointly learn a predictive model and its associated interpretation model. The interpreter provides both local and global interpretability about the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Jayneel Parekh , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Conventional Time Series Classification (TSC) methods are often black boxes that obscure inherent interpretation of their decision-making processes. In this work, we leverage Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) to overcome this issue, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Joseph Early , Gavin KC Cheung , Kurt Cutajar , Hanting Xie , Jas Kandola , Niall Twomey

Explainability is essential for neural networks that model long time series, yet most existing explainable AI methods only produce point-wise importance scores and fail to capture temporal structures such as trends, cycles, and regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ziqian Wang , Yuxiao Cheng , Jinli Suo

Time series forecasting, which predicts future values from past observations, plays a central role in many domains and has driven the development of highly accurate neural network models. However, the complexity of these models often limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hiroki Tomioka , Genta Yoshimura

Major postoperative complications are devastating to surgical patients. Some of these complications are potentially preventable via early predictions based on intraoperative data. However, intraoperative data comprise long and fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Dingwen Li , Bing Xue , Christopher King , Bradley Fritz , Michael Avidan , Joanna Abraham , Chenyang Lu

With the increasing application of deep learning algorithms to time series classification, especially in high-stake scenarios, the relevance of interpreting those algorithms becomes key. Although research in time series interpretability has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Jacqueline Höllig , Cedric Kulbach , Steffen Thoma

Post-hoc explainability is essential for understanding black-box machine learning models. Surrogate-based techniques are widely used for local and global model-agnostic explanations but have significant limitations. Local surrogates capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Simone Piaggesi , Riccardo Guidotti , Fosca Giannotti , Dino Pedreschi
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