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Vision-language pre-training (VLP) models have shown vulnerability to adversarial examples in multimodal tasks. Furthermore, malicious adversaries can be deliberately transferred to attack other black-box models. However, existing work has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Dong Lu , Zhiqiang Wang , Teng Wang , Weili Guan , Hongchang Gao , Feng Zheng

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, while they remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks on LVLMs aim to force the victim model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhifang Zhang , Qiqi Tao , Jiaqi Lv , Na Zhao , Lei Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou

In the rapidly evolving field of machine learning, adversarial attacks present a significant challenge to model robustness and security. Decision-based attacks, which only require feedback on the decision of a model rather than detailed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ping Guo , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Qingchuan Zhao , Qingfu Zhang

We introduce the Adversarial Confusion Attack, a new class of threats against multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Unlike jailbreaks or targeted misclassification, the goal is to induce systematic disruption that makes the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Artur Janicki

Attacks on deep learning models are often difficult to identify and therefore are difficult to protect against. This problem is exacerbated by the use of public datasets that typically are not manually inspected before use. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Abigail Swenor , Jugal Kalita

The study of adversarial vulnerabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs) has progressed rapidly. Existing attacks require either internal access (to the architecture, parameters, or training set of the victim model) or external access (to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Hao Chen

Adversarial attacks are a type of attack on machine learning models where an attacker deliberately modifies the inputs to cause the model to make incorrect predictions. Adversarial attacks can have serious consequences, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Prathyusha Devabhakthini , Sasmita Parida , Raj Mani Shukla , Suvendu Chandan Nayak , Tapadhir Das

As the deployment of NLP systems in critical applications grows, ensuring the robustness of large language models (LLMs) against adversarial attacks becomes increasingly important. Large language models excel in various NLP tasks but remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhenning Yang , Ryan Krawec , Liang-Yuan Wu

Neural ranking models (NRMs) have shown remarkable success in recent years, especially with pre-trained language models. However, deep neural models are notorious for their vulnerability to adversarial examples. Adversarial attacks may…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Chen Wu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Social media has drastically reshaped the world that allows billions of people to engage in such interactive environments to conveniently create and share content with the public. Among them, text data (e.g., tweets, blogs) maintains the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Xiaoting Li , Lingwei Chen , Dinghao Wu

Despite the strong performance of deep neural networks in modern Web and language applications, they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially transferable attacks that generate adversarial examples using surrogate models without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Han Liu , Zhi Xu , Xiaotong Zhang , Feng Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Wei Wang , Fenglong Ma , Hong Yu

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks have proven effective against text-only large language models (LLMs), where malicious content is gradually introduced to bypass safety alignment. However, effectively extending such attacks to large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 In Chong Choi , Jiacheng Zhang , Feng Liu , Yiliao Song

In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable results and even showed super-human capabilities in a broad range of domains. This led people to trust in DNNs' classifications and resulting actions even in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Philip Sperl , Ching-Yu Kao , Peng Chen , Konstantin Böttinger

In recent years, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in embodied intelligence have developed rapidly. However, existing adversarial attack methods require costly end-to-end training and often generate noticeable perturbation patches. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Naifu Zhang , Wei Tao , Xi Xiao , Qianpu Sun , Yuxin Zheng , Wentao Mo , Peiqiang Wang , Nan Zhang

Current Visual-Language Pre-training (VLP) models are vulnerable to adversarial examples. These adversarial examples present substantial security risks to VLP models, as they can leverage inherent weaknesses in the models, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Bangyan He , Xiaojun Jia , Siyuan Liang , Tianrui Lou , Yang Liu , Xiaochun Cao

Adversarial attacks are carried out to reveal the vulnerability of deep neural networks. Textual adversarial attacking is challenging because text is discrete and a small perturbation can bring significant change to the original input.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Yuan Zang , Fanchao Qi , Chenghao Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Meng Zhang , Qun Liu , Maosong Sun

Large-scale Video Foundation Models (VFMs) has significantly advanced various video-related tasks, either through task-specific models or Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, the open accessibility of VFMs also introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hui Lu , Yi Yu , Song Xia , Yiming Yang , Deepu Rajan , Boon Poh Ng , Alex Kot , Xudong Jiang

Clean-label (CL) attack is a form of data poisoning attack where an adversary modifies only the textual input of the training data, without requiring access to the labeling function. CL attacks are relatively unexplored in NLP, as compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ashim Gupta , Amrith Krishna

Adversarial attacks in Natural Language Processing apply perturbations in the character or token levels. Token-level attacks, gaining prominence for their use of gradient-based methods, are susceptible to altering sentence semantics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Elias Abad Rocamora , Yongtao Wu , Fanghui Liu , Grigorios G. Chrysos , Volkan Cevher

Vision-language models (VLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial image perturbations. Existing works based on adversarial training against task-specific adversarial examples are computationally expensive and often fail to generalize to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jingning Xu , Haochen Luo , Chen Liu