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Electroencephalography (EEG) is a vital tool to measure and record brain activity in neuroscience and clinical applications, yet its potential is constrained by signal heterogeneity, low signal-to-noise ratios, and limited labeled datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Enze Shi , Kui Zhao , Qilong Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Huawen Hu , Sigang Yu , Shu Zhang

Foundation models have transformed AI by reducing reliance on task-specific data through large-scale pretraining. While successful in language and vision, their adoption in EEG has lagged due to the heterogeneity of public datasets, which…

Electroencephalography provides a non-invasive window into brain activity, offering valuable insights for neurological research, brain-computer interfaces, and clinical diagnostics. However, the development of robust machine learning models…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Chi-Sheng Chen , Ying-Jung Chen , Aidan Hung-Wen Tsai

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals provide critical insights for applications in disease diagnosis and healthcare. However, the scarcity of labeled EEG data poses a significant challenge. Foundation models offer a promising solution by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Limin Wang , Toyotaro Suzumura , Hiroki Kanezashi

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an essential technique for neuroscience research and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Recently, large-scale EEG foundation models have been developed, exhibiting robust generalization capabilities…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Zhige Chen , Chengxuan Qin , Wenlong You , Rui Liu , Congying Chu , Rui Yang , Kay Chen Tan , Jibin Wu

Clinical EEG interpretation requires reasoning over full EEG sessions and integrating signal patterns with clinical context. Existing EEG foundation models are largely designed for short-window decoding and do not incorporate clinical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Peng Cao , Ali Mirzazadeh , Jong Woo Lee , Aleksandar Videnovic , Dina Katabi

Automated analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) has recently undergone a paradigm shift. The introduction of transformer architectures and self-supervised pretraining (SSL) has led to the development of EEG foundation models. These…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-04 Hannah Portmann , Yosuke Morishima

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive, highly accessible, and cost-effective approach for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, existing methods, whether based on handcrafted feature engineering or standard deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yihe Wang , Nan Huang , Nadia Mammone , Marco Cecchi , Xiang Zhang

Recent advances in electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models, which capture transferable EEG representations, have greatly accelerated the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches still struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Muyun Jiang , Shuailei Zhang , Zhenjie Yang , Mengjun Wu , Weibang Jiang , Zhiwei Guo , Wei Zhang , Rui Liu , Shangen Zhang , Yong Li , Yi Ding , Cuntai Guan

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have shown strong potential for learning generalizable representations from large-scale neural data, yet their clinical deployment is hindered by distribution shifts across clinical settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Gabriel Jason Lee , Jathurshan Pradeepkumar , Jimeng Sun

Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis stands at the forefront of neuroscience and artificial intelligence research, where foundation models are reshaping the traditional EEG analysis paradigm by leveraging their powerful representational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Hongqi Li , Yitong Chen , Yujuan Wang , Weihang Ni , Haodong Zhang

Foundation models pre-trained through masked reconstruction on large-scale EEG data have emerged as a promising paradigm for learning generalizable neural representations across diverse brain-computer interface applications. However, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yang Shao , Peiliang Gong , Qun Dai , Daoqiang Zhang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a prominent non-invasive neuroimaging technique providing insights into brain function. Unfortunately, EEG data exhibit a high degree of noise and variability across subjects hampering generalizable signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Anders Vestergaard Nørskov , Alexander Neergaard Zahid , Morten Mørup

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

Foundation models for time series are emerging as powerful general-purpose backbones, yet their potential for domain-specific biomedical signals such as electroencephalography (EEG) remains rather unexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Théo Gnassounou , Yessin Moakher , Shifeng Xie , Vasilii Feofanov , Ievgen Redko

Premise. Patterns of electrical brain activity recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) offer immense value for scientific and clinical investigations. The inability of supervised EEG encoders to learn robust EEG patterns and their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Gayal Kuruppu , Neeraj Wagh , Vaclav Kremen , Sandipan Pati , Gregory Worrell , Yogatheesan Varatharajah

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique widely used in brain-computer interfaces and clinical applications, yet existing EEG foundation models face limitations in modeling spatio-temporal brain dynamics and lack channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Danny Dongyeop Han , Ahhyun Lucy Lee , Taeyang Lee , Yonghyeon Gwon , Sebin Lee , Seongjin Lee , David Keetae Park , Shinjae Yoo , Jiook Cha , Chun Kee Chung

Electroencephalography (EEG) reflects the brain's functional state, making it a crucial tool for diverse detection applications like seizure detection and sleep stage classification. While deep learning-based approaches have recently shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kerui Wu , Ziyue Zhao , Bülent Yener

While electroencephalography (EEG) has been a popular modality for neural decoding, it often involves task specific acquisition of the EEG data. This poses challenges for the development of a unified pipeline to learn embeddings for various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Pushapdeep Singh , Jyoti Nigam , Medicherla Vamsi Krishna , Arnav Bhavsar , Aditya Nigam

Current foundation models for electroencephalography (EEG) rely on architectures adapted from computer vision or natural language processing, typically treating neural signals as pixel grids or token sequences. This approach overlooks that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Zhisheng Chen , Yingwei Zhang , Qizhen Lan , Tianyu Liu , Huacan Wang , Yi Ding , Ziyu Jia , Ronghao Chen , Kun Wang , Xinliang Zhou
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