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Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have become a popular medium for decoding visual information due to their cost-effectiveness and high temporal resolution. However, current approaches face significant challenges in bridging the modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sicheng Dai , Hongwang Xiao , Shan Yu , Qiwei Ye

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are pivotal in providing insights into spontaneous brain activity, highlighting their significant importance in neuroscience research. However, the exploration of versatile EEG models is constrained by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Tongtian Yue , Xuange Gao , Shuning Xue , Yepeng Tang , Longteng Guo , Jie Jiang , Jing Liu

Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of various neurological disorders. However, small hospitals and clinics often lack advanced EEG signal analysis systems and are prone to misinterpretation in manual EEG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Chin-Sung Tung , Sheng-Fu Liang , Shu-Feng Chang , Chung-Ping Young

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain activity, widely used in brain-computer interfaces, clinic, and healthcare. Traditional EEG deep models typically focus on specific dataset and task, limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Ang Li , Zikai Wang , Liuyin Yang , Zhenyu Wang , Tianheng Xu , Honglin Hu , Marc M. Van Hulle

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have shown promise for learning generalizable representations, yet they remain sensitive to channel heterogeneity, such as changes in channel composition or ordering. We propose channel-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hanseul Choi , Jinyeong Park , Seongwon Jin , Sungho Park , Jibum Kim

Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient tool to support neurologists in the detection of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, most existing approaches rely heavily on manual feature engineering or data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Yihe Wang , Nadia Mammone , Darina Petrovsky , Alexandros T. Tzallas , Francesco C. Morabito , Xiang Zhang

Scalable and generalizable analysis of brain activity is essential for advancing both clinical diagnostics and cognitive research. Electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive modality with high temporal resolution, has been widely used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sha Zhao , Mingyi Peng , Haiteng Jiang , Tao Li , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis rests on a hand-crafted feature catalog refined over decades, \emph{e.g.,} band power, connectivity, complexity, and more. Modern EEG foundation models bypass this catalog, learn directly from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ling Tang , Qian Chen , Jilin Mei , Houshi Xu , Quanshi Zhang , Jing Shao , Na Zou , Xia Hu , Dongrui Liu

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a complex signal and can require several years of training to be correctly interpreted. Recently, deep learning (DL) has shown great promise in helping make sense of EEG signals due to its capacity to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yannick Roy , Hubert Banville , Isabela Albuquerque , Alexandre Gramfort , Tiago H. Falk , Jocelyn Faubert

Foundation models (FMs) promise to extract unified representations that generalize across downstream tasks. They have emerged across fields, including electroencephalography (EEG), but it is less clear how effective they are in this…

Foundation models for EEG analysis are still in their infancy, limited by two key challenges: (1) variability across datasets caused by differences in recording devices and configurations, and (2) the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of EEG,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Navid Mohammadi Foumani , Soheila Ghane , Nam Nguyen , Mahsa Salehi , Geoffrey I. Webb , Geoffrey Mackellar

EEG foundation models aim to learn reusable representations across heterogeneous paradigms, yet existing approaches often use uniform adaptation mechanisms and are typically reported under separate downstream fine-tuning protocols. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Wei Xiong , Jiangtong Li , Kun Zhu , Jie Li

Automatic sleep staging is a critical task in healthcare due to the global prevalence of sleep disorders. This study focuses on single-channel electroencephalography (EEG), a practical and widely available signal for automatic sleep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Amirali Vakili , Salar Jahanshiri , Armin Salimi-Badr

In recent years, the field of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis has witnessed remarkable advancements, driven by the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence. This survey aims to encapsulate the latest developments,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-09 Pengfei Wang , Huanran Zheng , Silong Dai , Yiqiao Wang , Xiaotian Gu , Yuanbin Wu , Xiaoling Wang

Accurate cancer survival prediction requires integration of diverse data modalities that reflect the complex interplay between imaging, clinical parameters, and textual reports. However, existing multimodal approaches suffer from simplistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Aakash Tripathi , Asim Waqas , Matthew B. Schabath , Yasin Yilmaz , Ghulam Rasool

Electroencephalogram (EEG) classification plays a key role in medical diagnosis and brain-computer interfaces, but remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratios and high inter-subject variability. As a result, many existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ahmad Bdeir , Johannes Burchert , Tom Hanika , Lars Schmidt-Thieme , Niels Landwehr

With the recent success of artificial intelligence in neuroscience, a number of deep learning (DL) models were proposed for classification, anomaly detection, and pattern recognition tasks in electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Giulia Cisotto , Alberto Zancanaro , Italo F. Zoppis , Sara L. Manzoni

A central challenge in electroencephalography (EEG) foundation modeling is learning transferable representations across recordings with diverse tasks, montages, references, and spectral characteristics. Existing masked modeling approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jamiyan Sukhbaatar , Satoshi Imamura , Toshihisa Tanaka

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique to measure and record brain electrical activity, widely used in various BCI and healthcare applications. Early EEG decoding methods rely on supervised learning, limited by specific…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Zhiling Luo , Yangxuan Zhou , Haiteng Jiang , Shijian Li , Tao Li , Gang Pan

Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) offers high-signal-to-noise access to cortical activity for brain-computer interfaces, yet limited per-patient data has led most prior work to rely on small, subject-specific decoders that neglect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liuyin Yang , Qiang Sun , Bob Van Dyck , Eva Calvo Merino , Marc M. Van Hulle