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Although dynamic graph neural networks (DyGNNs) have demonstrated promising capabilities, most existing methods ignore out-of-distribution (OOD) shifts that commonly exist in dynamic graphs. Dynamic graph OOD generalization is non-trivial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinxun Zhang , Pengfei Jiao , Mengzhou Gao , Tianpeng Li , Xuan Guo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation with distribution shifts. The challenge is that distribution shifts on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Qitian Wu , Fan Nie , Chenxiao Yang , Tianyi Bao , Junchi Yan

Graph neural networks have shown remarkable success in exploiting the spatial and temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing GNNs exhibit poor generalization ability under distribution shifts, which is inevitable in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qingyun Sun , Jiayi Luo , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li , Philip S. Yu

Dynamic graph neural networks (DGNNs) are increasingly pervasive in exploiting spatio-temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing works fail to generalize under distribution shifts, which are common in real-world scenarios. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Haonan Yuan , Qingyun Sun , Xingcheng Fu , Ziwei Zhang , Cheng Ji , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in graph-related tasks. However, they suffer from poor generalization on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, as they tend to learn spurious correlations. Such correlations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Bowen Lu , Liangqiang Yang , Teng Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to perform well in graph representation learning, but always lacking in generalization capability when tackling out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Graph invariant learning methods, backed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Tianrui Jia , Haoyang Li , Cheng Yang , Tao Tao , Chuan Shi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)-based recommendation algorithms typically assume that training and testing data are drawn from independent and identically distributed (IID) spaces. However, this assumption often fails in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Chu Zhao , Enneng Yang , Yuliang Liang , Pengxiang Lan , Yuting Liu , Jianzhe Zhao , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang

Distribution shifts between training and testing datasets significantly impair the model performance on graph learning. A commonly-taken causal view in graph invariant learning suggests that stable predictive features of graphs are causally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Bohan Wang , Yurui Chang , Wei Jin , Lu Lin

In the context of modern machine learning, models deployed in real-world scenarios often encounter diverse data shifts like covariate and semantic shifts, leading to challenges in both out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization and detection.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Han Wang , Yixuan Li

Despite recent success in using the invariance principle for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on Euclidean data (e.g., images), studies on graph data are still limited. Different from images, the complex nature of graphs poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yongqiang Chen , Yonggang Zhang , Yatao Bian , Han Yang , Kaili Ma , Binghui Xie , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , James Cheng

Through recognizing causal subgraphs, causal graph learning (CGL) has risen to be a promising approach for improving the generalizability of graph neural networks under out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. However, the empirical successes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yujia Yin , Tianyi Qu , Zihao Wang , Yifan Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed without considering the agnostic distribution shifts between training and testing graphs, inducing the degeneration of the generalization ability of GNNs on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) settings. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shaohua Fan , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi , Peng Cui , Bai Wang

Molecular property prediction is becoming one of the major applications of graph learning in Web-based services, e.g., online protein structure prediction and drug discovery. A key challenge arises in few-shot scenarios, where only a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Van Thuy Hoang , O-Joun Lee

Graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a major challenge in graph learning since graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from severe performance degradation under distribution shifts. Invariant learning, aiming to extract…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Wenyu Mao , Jiancan Wu , Haoyang Liu , Yongduo Sui , Xiang Wang

We tackle the problem of graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. Existing graph OOD algorithms either rely on restricted assumptions or fail to exploit environment information in training data. In this work, we propose to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Shurui Gui , Meng Liu , Xiner Li , Youzhi Luo , Shuiwang Ji

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization in the graph domain is challenging due to complex distribution shifts and a lack of environmental contexts. Recent methods attempt to enhance graph OOD generalization by generating flat environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yinhua Piao , Sangseon Lee , Yijingxiu Lu , Sun Kim

Graph neural networks (GNNs) demonstrate great performance in compound property and activity prediction due to their capability to efficiently learn complex molecular graph structures. However, two main limitations persist including…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-10 Apakorn Kengkanna , Masahito Ohue

The open-world test dataset is often mixed with out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, where the deployed models will struggle to make accurate predictions. Traditional detection methods need to trade off OOD detection and in-distribution (ID)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xu Shen , Yili Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Shirui Pan , Xin Wang

Invariant learning demonstrates substantial potential for enhancing the generalization of graph neural networks (GNNs) with out-of-distribution (OOD) data. It aims to recognize stable features in graph data for classification, based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Yongduo Sui , Jie Sun , Shuyao Wang , Zemin Liu , Qing Cui , Longfei Li , Xiang Wang

Although artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in understanding molecules in a wide range of fields, existing models generally acquire the single cognitive ability from the single molecular modality. Since the hierarchy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Bing Su , Dazhao Du , Zhao Yang , Yujie Zhou , Jiangmeng Li , Anyi Rao , Hao Sun , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen
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