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Document-level relation extraction (DocRE) poses the challenge of identifying relationships between entities within a document as opposed to the traditional RE setting where a single sentence is input. Existing approaches rely on logical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Monika Jain , Raghava Mutharaju , Ramakanth Kavuluru , Kuldeep Singh

How do we most effectively treat a disease or condition? Ideally, we could consult a database of evidence gleaned from clinical trials to answer such questions. Unfortunately, no such database exists; clinical trial results are instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jay DeYoung , Eric Lehman , Ben Nye , Iain J. Marshall , Byron C. Wallace

Scientific retrieval is essential for advancing scientific knowledge discovery. Within this process, document reranking plays a critical role in refining first-stage retrieval results. However, standard LLM listwise reranking faces…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Runchu Tian , Xueqiang Xu , Bowen Jin , SeongKu Kang , Jiawei Han

In this paper, we investigate how semantic relations between concepts extracted from medical documents can be employed to improve the retrieval of medical literature. Semantic relations explicitly represent relatedness between concepts and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Maristella Agosti , Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio , Stefano Marchesin , Gianmaria Silvello

Table structure recognition (TSR) and optical character recognition (OCR) play crucial roles in extracting structured data from tables in scientific documents. However, existing extraction frameworks built on top of TSR and OCR methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Kehinde Ajayi , Yi He , Jian Wu

Biomedical semantic question answering rooted in information retrieval can play a crucial role in keeping up to date with vast, rapidly evolving and ever-growing biomedical literature. A robust system can help researchers, healthcare…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shashank Verma , Fengyi Jiang , Xiangning Xue

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Electronic health records (EHRs) form an invaluable resource for training clinical decision support systems. To leverage the potential of such systems in high-risk applications, we need large, structured tabular datasets on which we can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Paloma Rabaey , Adrick Tench , Stefan Heytens , Thomas Demeester

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

With the proliferation of research means and computational methodologies, published biomedical literature is growing exponentially in numbers and volume. Cancer cell lines are frequently used models in biological and medical research that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ellery Smith , Rahel Paloots , Dimitris Giagkos , Michael Baudis , Kurt Stockinger

Scientific documents contain complex multimodal structures, which makes evidence localization and scientific reasoning in Document Visual Question Answering particularly challenging. However, most existing benchmarks evaluate models only at…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenhan Yu , Zhaoxi Zhang , Wang Chen , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Lei Sha , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Extracting causal relationships from a medical case report is essential for comprehending the case, particularly its diagnostic process. Since the diagnostic process is regarded as a bottom-up inference, causal relationships in cases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sakiko Yahata , Zhen Wan , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi , Hisahiko Sato , Ryozo Nagai

Extracting fine-grained experimental findings from literature can provide dramatic utility for scientific applications. Prior work has developed annotation schemas and datasets for limited aspects of this problem, failing to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Aakanksha Naik , Bailey Kuehl , Erin Bransom , Doug Downey , Tom Hope

Document-level relation extraction (DocRE) aims to identify semantic labels among entities within a single document. One major challenge of DocRE is to dig decisive details regarding a specific entity pair from long text. However, in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zhichao Duan , Xiuxing Li , Zhenyu Li , Zhuo Wang , Jianyong Wang

We propose a knowledge-based approach for extraction of Cause-Effect (CE) relations from biomedical text. Our approach is a combination of an unsupervised machine learning technique to discover causal triggers and a set of high-precision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Sachin Pawar , Ravina More , Girish K. Palshikar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya , Vasudeva Varma

Many datasets have been developed to train and evaluate document-level relation extraction (RE) models. Most of these are constructed using real-world data. It has been shown that RE models trained on real-world data suffer from factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Ali Modarressi , Abdullatif Köksal , Hinrich Schütze

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) grounds large language models in external medical knowledge, yet standard retrievers frequently surface hard negatives that are semantically close to the query but describe clinically distinct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Byeolhee Kim , Min-Kyung Kim , Young-Hak Kim , Tae-Joon Jeon

Recently, many methods discover effective evidence from reliable sources by appropriate neural networks for explainable claim verification, which has been widely recognized. However, in these methods, the discovery process of evidence is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Lianwei Wu , Yuan Rao , Yongqiang Zhao , Hao Liang , Ambreen Nazir

Electronic Health Records maintained in health care settings are a potential source of substantial clinical knowledge. The massive volume of data, unstructured nature of records and obligatory requirement of domain acquaintance together…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-10-13 Gargi Priyadarshini , Ashish Anand

With the rapid development of precision medicine, a large amount of health data (such as electronic health records, gene sequencing, medical images, etc.) has been produced. It encourages more and more interest in data-driven insight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Sendong Zhao , Fei Wang