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Ubiquitous in quantum computing is the step to encode data into a quantum state. This process is called quantum state preparation, and its complexity for non-structured data is exponential on the number of qubits. Several works address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Israel F. Araujo , Carsten Blank , Ismael C. S. Araújo , Adenilton J. da Silva

Though there has been substantial progress in developing quantum algorithms to study classical datasets, the cost of simply \textit{loading} classical data is an obstacle to quantum advantage. When the amplitude encoding is used, loading an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Raghav Jumade , Nicolas PD Sawaya

Encoding classical data into quantum states is a central bottleneck in quantum machine learning: many widely used encodings are circuit-inefficient, requiring deep circuits and substantial quantum resources, which limits scalability on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Guang Lin , Toshihisa Tanaka , Qibin Zhao

Classical data encoding is usually treated as a black-box in the oracle-based quantum algorithms. On the other hand, their constructions are crucial for practical algorithm implementations. Here, we open the black-boxes of data encoding and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Xiao Yuan

Achieving reliable performance on early fault-tolerant quantum hardware will depend on protocols that manage noise without incurring prohibitive overhead. We propose a novel framework that integrates quantum computation with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 IlKwon Sohn , Changyeol Lee , Wooyeong Song , Kwangil Bae , Wonhyuk Lee

Hybrid variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising for solving practical problems such as combinatorial optimization, quantum chemistry simulation, quantum machine learning, and quantum error correction on noisy quantum computers.…

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

Many proposals to scale quantum technology rely on modular or distributed designs where individual quantum processors, called nodes, are linked together to form one large multinode quantum computer (MNQC). One scalable method to construct…

Quantum machine learning holds promise for advancing time series forecasting. The Quantum Recurrent Neural Network (QRNN), inspired by classical RNNs, encodes temporal data into quantum states that are periodically input into a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Jack Morgan , Hamed Mohammadbagherpoor , Eric Ghysels

The problems of quantum state preparation and matrix block-encoding are ubiquitous in quantum computing: they are crucial parts of various quantum algorithms for the purpose for initial state preparation as well as loading problem relevant…

Quantum algorithms are a promising framework for unfolding the causal configurations of multiloop Feynman diagrams, which is equivalent to querying the \textit{directed acyclic graph} (DAG) configurations of undirected graphs in graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Selomit Ramírez-Uribe , Andrés E. Rentería-Olivo , Germán Rodrigo

Image processing is one of the most promising applications for quantum machine learning (QML). Quanvolutional Neural Networks with non-trainable parameters are the preferred solution to run on current and near future quantum devices. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Beatrice Portelli , Giuseppe Serra

Quantum computation offers the potential to solve fundamental yet otherwise intractable problems across a range of active fields of research. Recently, universal quantum-logic gate sets - the building blocks for a quantum computer - have…

We present a compact quantum circuit for factoring a large class of integers, including some whose classical hardness is expected to be equivalent to RSA (but not including RSA integers themselves). Most notably, we factor $n$-bit integers…

One of the key considerations in the development of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) protocols is the encoding of classical data onto a quantum device. In this chapter we introduce the Matrix Product State representation of quantum systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Chris Nakhl , Maxwell West , Muhammad Usman

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize various fields, yet the execution of quantum programs necessitates an effective compilation process. This involves strategically mapping quantum circuits onto the physical qubits of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Tian Li , Xiao-Yue Xu , Chen Ding , Tian-Ci Tian , Wei-You Liao , Shuo Zhang , He-Liang Huang

Multiplication over binary fields is a crucial operation in quantum algorithms designed to solve the discrete logarithm problem for elliptic curve defined over $GF(2^n)$. In this paper, we present an algorithm for constructing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Vivien Vandaele

Running quantum algorithms often involves implementing complex quantum circuits with such a large number of multi-qubit gates that the challenge of tackling practical applications appears daunting. To date, no experiments have successfully…

We show a significant reduction of the number of quantum operations and the improvement of the circuit depth for the realization of the Toffoli gate by using qudits. This is done by establishing a general relation between the dimensionality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 E. O. Kiktenko , A. S. Nikolaeva , Peng Xu , G. V. Shlyapnikov , A. K. Fedorov