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The spatial layout of urban sites shapes land-use efficiency and spatial organization. Traditional site planning often relies on experiential judgment and single-source data, limiting systematic quantification of multifunctional layouts. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Qian Cao , Jielin Chen , Junchao Zhao , Rudi Stouffs

Visual-based recognition, e.g., image classification, object detection, etc., is a long-standing challenge in computer vision and robotics communities. Concerning the roboticists, since the knowledge of the environment is a prerequisite for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Antonios Gasteratos , Konstantinos A. Tsintotas , Tobias Fischer , Yiannis Aloimonos , Michael Milford

Spatial documentation is exponentially increasing given the availability of Big IoT Data, enabled by the devices miniaturization and data storage capacity. Bayesian spatial statistics is a useful statistical tool to determine the dependence…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-01 Francisco Louzada , Diego C. Nascimento , Osafu Augustine Egbon

Zero-shot image recognition (ZSIR) aims to recognize and reason in unseen domains by learning generalized knowledge from limited data in the seen domain. The gist of ZSIR is constructing a well-aligned mapping between the input visual space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jingcai Guo , Zhijie Rao , Zhi Chen , Song Guo , Jingren Zhou , Dacheng Tao

Judging the similarity of visualizations is crucial to various applications, such as visualization-based search and visualization recommendation systems. Recent studies show deep-feature-based similarity metrics correlate well with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sheng Long , Angelos Chatzimparmpas , Emma Alexander , Matthew Kay , Jessica Hullman

Tool-integrated reasoning has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing large language models with external computation, retrieval, and execution capabilities. However, the field still lacks a high-quality and unified evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yize Li , Junzhi Li , Jason Song , Chuxiong Sun , Rui Wang , Changwen Zheng

Problem-driven visualization work is rooted in deeply understanding the data, actors, processes, and workflows of a target domain. However, an individual's personality traits and cognitive abilities may also influence visualization use.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Kyle Wm. Hall , Anthony Kouroupis , Anastasia Bezerianos , Danielle Albers Szafir , Christopher Collins

Before deploying machine learning models it is critical to assess their robustness. In the context of deep neural networks for image understanding, changing the object location, rotation and size may affect the predictions in non-trivial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Jessica Yung , Rob Romijnders , Alexander Kolesnikov , Lucas Beyer , Josip Djolonga , Neil Houlsby , Sylvain Gelly , Mario Lucic , Xiaohua Zhai

Spatial reasoning in vision language models (VLMs) remains fragile when semantics hinge on subtle temporal or geometric cues. We introduce a synthetic benchmark that probes two complementary skills: situational awareness (recognizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Pascal Benschop , Justin Dauwels , Jan van Gemert

Spatial transcriptomics assays are rapidly increasing in scale and complexity, making computational analysis a major bottleneck in biological discovery. Although frontier AI agents have improved dramatically at software engineering and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kenny Workman , Zhen Yang , Harihara Muralidharan , Hannah Le

Spatial reasoning -- the ability to perceive and reason about relationships in space -- advances vision-language models (VLMs) from visual perception toward spatial semantic understanding. Existing approaches either revisit local image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Weijian Ma , Shizhao Sun , Tianyu Yu , Ruiyu Wang , Tat-Seng Chua , Jiang Bian

Geoscience intelligence is expected to understand, reason about, and predict earth system changes to support human decision-making in critical domains such as disaster response, climate adaptation and environmental protection. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yushuo Zheng , Zicheng Zhang , Huiyu Duan , Chunyi Li , Zijian Chen , Ziheng Jia , Yue Shi , Ke Gu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Semantic Segmentation is a significant research field in Computer Vision. Despite being a widely studied subject area, many visualization tools do not exist that capture segmentation quality and dataset statistics such as a class imbalance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Sourajit Saha , Shubhashis Roy Dipta

Spatial reasoning, the ability to understand and interpret the 3D structure of the world, is a critical yet underdeveloped capability in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Current methods predominantly rely on verbal descriptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Meng Cao , Haokun Lin , Haoyuan Li , Haoran Tang , Rongtao Xu , Dong An , Xue Liu , Ian Reid , Xiaodan Liang

Starting with early successes in computer vision tasks, deep learning based techniques have since overtaken state of the art approaches in a multitude of domains. However, it has been demonstrated time and again that these techniques fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Soumadeep Saha , Saptarshi Saha , Utpal Garain

Recently, the structural reading comprehension (SRC) task on web pages has attracted increasing research interests. Although previous SRC work has leveraged extra information such as HTML tags or XPaths, the informative topology of web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Zihan Zhao , Lu Chen , Ruisheng Cao , Hongshen Xu , Xingyu Chen , Kai Yu

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that trains computers to interpret the visual world in a way similar to that of humans. Due to the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing availability of sufficiently large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Leonardo Ramos , Bernardo Morales

Learning representations of spatial references in natural language is a key challenge in tasks like autonomous navigation and robotic manipulation. Recent work has investigated various neural architectures for learning multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Tsung-Yen Yang , Andrew S. Lan , Karthik Narasimhan

Remote sensing datasets offer significant promise for tackling key classification tasks such as land-use categorization, object presence detection, and rural/urban classification. However, many existing studies tend to focus on narrow tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Manaswi Kulahara , Nipun Joshi , Usman Naseem

Vision language models (VLMs) perform well on many tasks but often fail at spatial reasoning, which is essential for navigation and interaction with physical environments. Many spatial reasoning tasks depend on fundamental two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yihong Tang , Ao Qu , Zhaokai Wang , Dingyi Zhuang , Zhaofeng Wu , Wei Ma , Shenhao Wang , Yunhan Zheng , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao