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Large Language Models (LLMs) are of great interest in vulnerability detection and repair. The effectiveness of these models hinges on the quality of the datasets used for both training and evaluation. Our investigation reveals that a number…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Anurag Swarnim Yadav , Joseph N. Wilson

Software clones have been an active area of research for the past two decades. However, although numerous clone detection tools are now available, only a small fraction of the literature has focused on tool evaluation, and this is in fact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Rachel Gauci

Code clones are identical or similar code segments. The wide existence of code clones can increase the cost of maintenance and jeopardise the quality of software. The research community has developed many techniques to detect code clones,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Wahidur Rahman , Yisen Xu , Fan Pu , Jifeng Xuan , Xiangyang Jia , Michail Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Lingbo Li , Fan Wu , Baowen Xu

Given the availability of large source-code repositories, there has been a large number of applications for large-scale clone detection. Unfortunately, despite a decade of active research, there is a marked lack in clone detectors that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Vaibhav Saini , Hitesh Sajnani , Jaewoo Kim , Cristina Lopes

Experimental evaluation is a major research methodology for investigating clustering algorithms and many other machine learning algorithms. For this purpose, a number of benchmark datasets have been widely used in the literature and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Tiantian Zhang , Li Zhong , Bo Yuan

Code clones are pairs of code snippets that implement similar functionality. Clone detection is a fundamental branch of automatic source code comprehension, having many applications in refactoring recommendation, plagiarism detection, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Maksim Zubkov , Egor Spirin , Egor Bogomolov , Timofey Bryksin

A critical yet frequently overlooked challenge in the field of deepfake detection is the lack of a standardized, unified, comprehensive benchmark. This issue leads to unfair performance comparisons and potentially misleading results.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhiyuan Yan , Yong Zhang , Xinhang Yuan , Siwei Lyu , Baoyuan Wu

Reusing code can produce duplicate or near-duplicate code clones in code repositories. Current code clone detection techniques, like Program Dependence Graphs, rely on code structure and their dependencies to detect clones. These techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Sandeep Kaur Kuttal , Akash Ghosh

Current research in clone detection suffers from poor ecosystems for evaluating precision of clone detection tools. Corpora of labeled clones are scarce and incomplete, making evaluation labor intensive and idiosyncratic, and limiting inter…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Vaibhav Saini , Farima Farmahinifarahani , Yadong Lu , Di Yang , Pedro Martins , Hitesh Sajnani , Pierre Baldi , Cristina Lopes

Due to their pivotal role in software engineering, considerable effort is spent on the quality assurance of software requirements specifications. As they are mainly described in natural language, relatively few means of automated quality…

The issue of clone code has persisted in software engineering, primarily because developers often copy and paste code segments. This common practice has elevated the importance of clone code detection, garnering attention from both software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-12 QiHong Chen , Lianghao Jiang , Iftekhar Ahmed

Does the training of large language models potentially infringe upon code licenses? Furthermore, are there any datasets available that can be safely used for training these models without violating such licenses? In our study, we assess the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Jonathan Katzy , Răzvan-Mihai Popescu , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

Code cloning, a widespread practice in software development, involves replicating code fragments to save time but often at the expense of software maintainability and quality. In this paper, we address the specific challenge of detecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Lida Zhao , Shihan Dou , Yutao Hu , Yueming Wu , Jiahui Wu , Chengwei Liu , Lyuye Zhang , Yi Liu , Jun Sun , Xuanjing Huang , Yang Liu

Code clones are duplicate code fragments that share (nearly) similar syntax or semantics. Code clone detection plays an important role in software maintenance, code refactoring, and reuse. A substantial amount of research has been conducted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Nikita Mehrotra , Navdha Agarwal , Piyush Gupta , Saket Anand , David Lo , Rahul Purandare

Agent skills are modular instruction packages that combine YAML metadata, natural language instructions, and embedded code, and they have reached 196K publicly available instances, yet no mechanism exists to detect clone relationships among…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jiaying Zhu , Lyuye Zhang , Wenbo Guo , Yang Liu

The ability to distinguish whether an image is generated by artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial ingredient in human intelligence, usually accompanied by a complex and dialectical forensic and reasoning process. However, current fake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yixuan Li , Xuelin Liu , Xiaoyang Wang , Bu Sung Lee , Shiqi Wang , Anderson Rocha , Weisi Lin

Code clones can detrimentally impact software maintenance and manually detecting them in very large codebases is impractical. Additionally, automated approaches find detection of Type 3 and Type 4 (inexact) clones very challenging. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Guoxian Lu , Wei Hou , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

A long-standing challenge in developing machine learning approaches has been the lack of high-quality labeled data. Recently, models trained with purely synthetic data, here termed synthetic clones, generated using large-scale pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Krishnakant Singh , Thanush Navaratnam , Jannik Holmer , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

Code clone detection is involved with detecting duplicated fragments of code within a code base. Detecting these clones is useful for maintenance operations which require editing the clones. The tools developed are expected to be robust…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Ogechi Onuoha

Code cloning, the duplication of code fragments, is common in software development. While some reuse aids productivity, excessive cloning hurts maintainability and introduces bugs. Hence, automatic code clone detection is vital. Meanwhile,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shihan Dou , Junjie Shan , Haoxiang Jia , Wenhao Deng , Zhiheng Xi , Wei He , Yueming Wu , Tao Gui , Yang Liu , Xuanjing Huang