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DNA data storage systems encode digital data into DNA strands, enabling dense and durable storage. Efficient data retrieval depends on coverage depth, a key performance metric. We study the random access coverage depth problem and focus on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Şeyma Bodur , Stefano Lia , Hiram H. López , Rati Ludhani , Alberto Ravagnani , Lisa Seccia

Data storage in DNA is developing as a possible solution for archival digital data. Recently, to further increase the potential capacity of DNA-based data storage systems, the combinatorial composite DNA synthesis method was suggested. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Omer Sabary , Inbal Preuss , Ryan Gabrys , Zohar Yakhini , Leon Anavy , Eitan Yaakobi

DNA is a promising medium for digital information storage for its exceptional density and durability. While prior studies advanced coding theory, workflow design, and simulation tools, challenges such as synthesis costs, sequencing errors,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rakesh Thakur , Lavanya Singh , Yashika , Manomay Bundawala , Aruna Kumar

We study the amount of reliable information that can be stored in a DNA-based storage system composed of short DNA molecules. In this regime, Shomorony and Heckel (2022) put forward a conjecture on the scaling of the number of information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ran Tamir , Nir Weinberger , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas

DNA data storage offers a high-density, long-term alternative to traditional storage systems, addressing the exponential growth of digital data. Composite DNA extends this paradigm by leveraging mixtures of nucleotides to increase storage…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Busra Tegin , Tolga M Duman

Recently, DNA storage has surfaced as a promising alternative for data storage, presenting notable benefits in terms of storage capacity, cost-effectiveness in maintenance, and the capability for parallel replication. Mathematically, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Yi Lu , Yun Ma , Chenghao Li , Xin Zhang , Guangxiang Si

To increase the information capacity of DNA storage, composite DNA letters were introduced. We propose a novel channel model for composite DNA in which composite sequences are decomposed into ordered standard non-composite sequences. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Besart Dollma , Ohad Elishco , Eitan Yaakobi

Owing to its immense storage density and durability, DNA has emerged as a promising storage medium. However, due to technological constraints, data can only be written onto many short DNA molecules called data blocks that are stored in an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shubhransh Singhvi , Charchit Gupta , Avital Boruchovsky , Yuval Goldberg , Han Mao Kiah , Eitan Yaakobi

DNA has been discussed as a potential medium for data storage. Potentially it could be denser, could consume less energy, and could be more durable than conventional storage media such as hard drives, solid-state storage, and optical media.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Arnav Solanki , Zak Griffin , Purab Ranjan Sutradhar , Amlan Ganguly , Marc D. Riedel

DNA storage is now being considered as a new archival storage method for its durability and high information density, but still facing some challenges like high costs and low throughput. By reducing sequencing sample size for decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ruiying Cao , Xin Chen

DNA-based storage has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional data storage methods, offering unmatched advantages in data density, longevity, and sustainability. Two main approaches have developed: in-vitro storage, where…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Liav Koram , Ohad Elishco

This paper studies achievable rates of nanopore-based DNA storage when nanopore signals are decoded using a tractable channel model that does not rely on a basecalling algorithm. Specifically, the noisy nanopore channel (NNC) with the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Brendon McBain , Emanuele Viterbo

An indel refers to a single insertion or deletion, while an edit refers to a single insertion, deletion or substitution. In this paper, we investigate codes that combat either a single indel or a single edit and provide linear-time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Kui Cai , Yeow Meng Chee , Ryan Gabrys , Han Mao Kiah , Tuan Thanh Nguyen

The biggest challenge when using DNA as a storage medium is maintaining its stability. The relative occurrence of Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) is essential for the longevity of DNA. In addition to that, reverse complementary base pairs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-03 NallappaBhavithran G , Selvakumar R

Due to the redundant nature of DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies, a basic model for a DNA storage system is a multi-draw "shuffling-sampling" channel. In this model, a random number of noisy copies of each sequence is observed at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Kel Levick , Reinhard Heckel , Ilan Shomorony

Composite DNA is a recent method to increase the base alphabet size in DNA-based data storage.This paper models synthesizing and sequencing of composite DNA and introduces coding techniques to correct substitutions, losses of entire…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Walter , Omer Sabary , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

The short lifespan of traditional data storage media, coupled with an exponential increase in storage demand, has made long-term archival a fundamental problem in the data storage industry and beyond. Consequently, researchers are looking…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Xavier Pic , Nimesh Pinnamaneni , Raja Appuswamy

Exponential increase of data has motivated advances of data storage technologies. As a promising storage media, DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) storage provides a much higher data density and superior durability, compared with state-of-the-art…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Luping Xiang , Qiang Liu , Sirong Chen , Kang Yan , Wenfeng Wu , Kun Yang

A method for encoding information in DNA sequences is described. The method is based on the precision-resolution framework, and is aimed to work in conjunction with a recently suggested terminator-free template independent DNA synthesis…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Siddharth Jain , Farzad Farnoud , Moshe Schwartz , Jehoshua Bruck

In DNA-based data storage, DNA codes with biochemical constraints and error correction are designed to protect data reliability. Single-stranded DNA sequences with secondary structure avoidance (SSA) help to avoid undesirable secondary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Shu Liu , Chaoping Xing , Yaqian Zhang