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The approximation power of general feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions is investigated. First, lower bounds on the size of a network are established in terms of the approximation error and network depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Mohammad Mehrabi , Aslan Tchamkerten , Mansoor I. Yousefi

Constrained Optimization solution algorithms are restricted to point based solutions. In practice, single or multiple objectives must be satisfied, wherein both the objective function and constraints can be non-convex resulting in multiple…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Gurpreet Singh , Soumyajit Gupta , Matthew Lease

The monotonic dependence of the outputs of a neural network on some of its inputs is a crucial inductive bias in many scenarios where domain knowledge dictates such behavior. This is especially important for interpretability and fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Ouail Kitouni , Niklas Nolte , Michael Williams

In this article, we study approximation properties of the variation spaces corresponding to shallow neural networks with a variety of activation functions. We introduce two main tools for estimating the metric entropy, approximation rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

The un-rectifying technique expresses a non-linear point-wise activation function as a data-dependent variable, which means that the activation variable along with its input and output can all be employed in optimization. The ReLU network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Wen-Liang Hwang , Shih-Shuo Tung

With the increasing popularity of non-convex deep models, developing a unifying theory for studying the optimization problems that arise from training these models becomes very significant. Toward this end, we present in this paper a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-07 Maher Nouiehed , Meisam Razaviyayn

Feed-forward, fully-connected Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or the so-called Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) are well-known universal approximators. However, their learning performance varies significantly depending on the function or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Serkan Kiranyaz , Turker Ince , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Ranking models primarily focus on modeling the relative order of predictions while often neglecting the significance of the accuracy of their absolute values. However, accurate absolute values are essential for certain downstream tasks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yimeng Bai , Shunyu Zhang , Yang Zhang , Hu Liu , Wentian Bao , Enyun Yu , Fuli Feng , Wenwu Ou

Monotone operator equilibrium networks are implicit-layer models whose output is the unique equilibrium of a monotone operator, guaranteeing existence, uniqueness, and convergence. When deployed on low-precision hardware, weights are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 James Li , Philip H. W. Leong , Thomas Chaffey

In neural network compression, most current methods reduce unnecessary parameters by measuring importance and redundancy. To augment already highly optimized existing solutions, we propose linearity-based compression as a novel way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Silas Dobler , Florian Lemmerich

We introduce a novel scheme to train binary convolutional neural networks (CNNs) -- CNNs with weights and activations constrained to {-1,+1} at run-time. It has been known that using binary weights and activations drastically reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Xiaofan Lin , Cong Zhao , Wei Pan

The backpropagation algorithm has experienced remarkable success in training large-scale artificial neural networks; however, its biological plausibility has been strongly criticized, and it remains an open question whether the brain…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Bariscan Bozkurt , Cengiz Pehlevan , Alper T Erdogan

\citet{farrell2021deep} establish non-asymptotic high-probability bounds for general deep feedforward neural network (with rectified linear unit activation function) estimators, with \citet[Theorem 1]{farrell2021deep} achieving a suboptimal…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-11 Zhaoji Tang

It has been observed in practical applications and in theoretical analysis that over-parametrization helps to find good minima in neural network training. Similarly, in this article we study widening and deepening neural networks by a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-06 G. Welper

In recent years, a myriad of advanced results have been reported in the community of imitation learning, ranging from parametric to non-parametric, probabilistic to non-probabilistic and Bayesian to frequentist approaches. Meanwhile, ample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Yanlong Huang , Darwin G. Caldwell

Real-world machine learning applications may require functions that are fast-to-evaluate and interpretable. In particular, guaranteed monotonicity of the learned function can be critical to user trust. We propose meeting these goals for…

The training of deep neural networks is inherently a nonconvex optimization problem, yet standard approaches such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) require simultaneous updates to all parameters, often leading to unstable convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chengcheng Yan , Jiawei Xu , Zheng Peng , Qingsong Wang

We prove that every nonnegative continuous real-valued function on a given compact metric space is the uniform limit of some increasing sequence of nonnegative simple functions being linear combinations of indicators of open sets; here the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-10-21 Yu-Lin Chou

Matrix completion refers to completing a low-rank matrix from a few observed elements of its entries and has been known as one of the significant and widely-used problems in recent years. The required number of observations for exact…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Hamideh. Sadat Fazael Ardakani , Niloufar Rahmani , Sajad Daei

Achieving weighted throughput maximization (WTM) through power control has been a long standing open problem in interference-limited wireless networks. The complicated coupling between the mutual interferences of links gives rise to a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2008-06-10 Liping Qian , Ying Jun Zhang , Jianwei Huang