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The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically discover and invoke third-party tools, significantly expanding agent capabilities while introducing a distinct security landscape. Unlike prompt-only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mehrdad Rostamzadeh , Sidhant Narula , Nahom Birhan , Mohammad Ghasemigol , Daniel Takabi

This paper introduces a novel framework for analyzing systemic risk in financial markets through multi-scale network dynamics using Model Context Protocol (MCP) for agent communication. We develop an integrated approach that combines…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-14 Avishek Bhandari

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has recently emerged as a standardized interface for connecting language models with external tools and data. As the ecosystem rapidly expands, the lack of a structured, comprehensive view of existing MCP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhiwei Lin , Bonan Ruan , Jiahao Liu , Weibo Zhao

Advances in large language models have enabled agentic AI systems that can reason, plan, and interact with external tools to execute multi-step workflows, while public blockchains have evolved into a programmable substrate for value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Saad Alqithami

Modern AI agents can exchange messages using protocols such as A2A and ACP, yet these mechanisms emphasize communication over coordination. As agent populations grow, this limitation produces brittle collective behavior, where individually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ayush Chopra , Aman Sharma , Feroz Ahmad , Luca Muscariello , Vijoy Pandey , Ramesh Raskar

Recent advances in generalist multi-agent systems (MAS) have largely followed a context-engineering plus centralized paradigm, where a planner agent coordinates multiple worker agents through unidirectional prompt passing. While effective…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xinxing Ren , Caelum Forder , Qianbo Zang , Ahsen Tahir , Roman J. Georgio , Suman Deb , Peter Carroll , Önder Gürcan , Zekun Guo

Large language models are increasingly used as orchestrators of external tools via the Model Context Protocol (MCP), but MCP is built for software services with megabytes of memory and does not descend to the microcontrollers that dominate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dongxu Yang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) aims to create a standard for how Large Language Models use tools. However, most current research focuses on selecting tools from an existing pool. A more fundamental, yet largely overlooked, problem is how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chaoqian Ouyang , Ling Yue , Shimin Di , Libin Zheng , Linan Yue , Shaowu Pan , Jian Yin , Min-Ling Zhang

Generative AI is reshaping offensive cybersecurity by enabling autonomous red team agents that can plan, execute, and adapt during penetration tests. However, existing approaches face trade-offs between generality and specialization, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Strahinja Janjusevic , Anna Baron Garcia , Sohrob Kazerounian

Multi-agent architectures built on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the potential to realize swarm intelligence through well-crafted collaboration. However, the substantial burden of manual orchestration inherently raises an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Rui Li , Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Quanyu Dai , Chaozhuo Li , Feng Wen , Xu Chen

Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables agents to interact with external tools, yet empirical research on MCP is hindered by the lack of large-scale, accessible datasets. We present MCPZoo, the largest and most comprehensive dataset of MCP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mengying Wu , Pei Chen , Geng Hong , Baichao An , Jinsong Chen , Binwang Wan , Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Min Yang

Modern AI technologies for drug discovery are distributed across heterogeneous platforms-including web applications, desktop environments, and code libraries-leading to fragmented workflows, inconsistent interfaces, and high integration…

Several Mobile Agent based distributed network management models have been proposed in recent times to address the scalability and flexibility problems of centralized (SNMP or CMIP management models) models. Though the use of Mobile Agents…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-02-10 A. K. Sharma , Atul Mishra , Vijay Singh

Explicit modeling of capabilities and skills -- whether based on ontologies, Asset Administration Shells, or other technologies -- requires considerable manual effort and often results in representations that are not easily accessible to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Luis Miguel Vieira da Silva , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff

Existing agent communication frameworks face critical limitations in providing verifiable audit trails without compromising the privacy and confidentiality of agent interactions. The protection of agent communication privacy while ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Guanlin Jing , Huayi Qi

Teams of LLM agents increasingly collaborate on tasks spanning days or weeks: multi-day data-generation sprints where generator, reviewer, and auditor agents coordinate in real time on overlapping batches; specialists carrying findings…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hongwei Xu

An increasing number of emerging applications, e.g., internet of things, vehicular communications, augmented reality, and the growing complexity due to the interoperability requirements of these systems, lead to the need to change the tools…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Merim Dzaferagic , M. Majid Butt , Maria Murphy , Nicholas Kaminski , Nicola Marchetti

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered autonomous agents have demonstrated significant capabilities in virtual environments, yet their integration with the physical world remains narrowly confined to direct control interfaces. We present…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly interact with external systems through tool-calling protocols such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP). In prevailing architectures, the agent must reason about every tool invocation in every…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Abhinav Singh Parmar

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly foundational to complex, distributed workflows. Yet, the security of their underlying communication protocols remains critically under-examined. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yedidel Louck , Ariel Stulman , Amit Dvir
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