Related papers: Second-Order Effects in Gravitational Wave Spaceti…
There is currently no rigorous definition of gravitational wave strain at second order in cosmological perturbation theory. The usual association of gravitational waves with transverse and traceless fluctuations of the metric on spatial…
Second-order tensor modes induced by nonlinear gravity are a key component of the cosmological background of gravitational waves. A detection of this background would allow us to probe the primordial power spectrum at otherwise inaccessible…
The gauge problem arises in the second order gravitational waves due to the mode mixing. Here, we introduce the transverse-traceless (TT) gauge to cosmological backgrounds, and find that if we choose the TT gauge at first order, the second…
In addition to the usual linear gravitational waves in transverse-traceless coordinates, higher-order gravitational field equations, as well as their corresponding solutions, are explicitly obtained. It is found that higher-order waves do…
This paper discusses the gauge issue touching the gravitational waves induced at the second order by the scalar modes of cosmological perturbations. These waves are known to depend on the gauge used for their calculation. In this paper, we…
In order to study gravitational waves in any realistic astrophysical scenario, one must consider geometry perturbations up to second order. Here, we present a general technique for studying linear and quadratic perturbations on a spacetime…
We investigate the gauge invariance of the second order gravitational waves induced by the first order scalar perturbations by following the Lie derivative method. It is shown explicitly that the second order gravitational waves are gauge…
A tensor-type cosmological perturbation, defined as a transverse and traceless spatial fluctuation, is often interpreted as the gravitational waves. While decoupled from the scalar-type perturbations in linear order, the tensor…
We study the evolution equations for gravitational waves, which are derived using the full metric to raise and lower indices. This method ensures full consistency between the Ricci tensor and all gauge restrictions and requirements, and…
When a small, uncharged, compact object is immersed in an external background spacetime, at zeroth order in its mass it moves as a test particle in the background. At linear order, its own gravitational field alters the geometry around it,…
We investigate the gravitational waves and their properties in various modified teleparallel theories, such as $f(T), f(T,B)$ and $f(T,T_G)$ gravities. We perform the perturbation analysis both around a Minkowski background, as well as in…
The investigation of the transverse effect of gravitational waves (GWs) could constitute a further tool to discriminate among several relativistic theories of gravity on the ground. After a review of the TT gauge, the transverse effect of…
We investigate the polarization modes of gravitational waves in $f(Q)$ non-metric gravity without gauge fixing. The main result of this study is that no further scalar mode appears more than the two standard plus and cross transverse…
We investigate the first and second order cosmological perturbation equations in f(R) modified gravity theory and provide the equation of motion of second order scalar induced gravitational waves. We find that the effects of modified…
In the first paper in this series, we introduced "persistent gravitational wave observables" as a framework for generalizing the gravitational wave memory effect. These observables are nonlocal in time and nonzero in the presence of…
To simplify a number of considerations in the weak field approximation, including the determination of the response of interferometric gravitational wave detectors, the "transverse traceless" (TT) gauge is often used. While the…
Gravitational waves are propagating undulations in the spacetime fabric, which interact very weakly with their environment. In cosmology, gravitational-wave distortions are produced by most of the inflationary scenarios and their…
We investigate gravitational waves in the $f(Q)$ gravity, i.e., a geometric theory of gravity described by a non-metric compatible connection, free from torsion and curvature, known as symmetric-teleparallel gravity. We show that $f(Q)$…
In a suitably chosen essentially unique frame tied to a given observer in a general spacetime, the equation of geodesic deviation can be decomposed into a sum of terms describing specific effects: isotropic (background) motions associated…
A point particle of small mass m moves in free fall through a background vacuum spacetime metric g_ab and creates a first-order metric perturbation h^1ret_ab that diverges at the particle. Elementary expressions are known for the singular…