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The leading locally observable effect of a long-wavelength metric perturbation corresponds to a tidal field. We derive the tidal field induced by scalar, vector, and tensor perturbations, and use second order perturbation theory to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-04-23 Fabian Schmidt , Enrico Pajer , Matias Zaldarriaga

We consider a general relativistic zero-pressure irrotational cosmological medium perturbed to the third order. We assume a flat Friedmann background but include the cosmological constant. We ignore the rotational perturbation which decays…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Hwang , H. Noh

We derive consistent equations for gravitational wave oscillations in bigravity. In this framework a second dynamical tensor field is introduced in addition to General Relativity and coupled such that one massless and one massive linear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-25 Kevin Max , Moritz Platscher , Juri Smirnov

Second-order tensor perturbations induced by primordial fluctuations play a crucial role in probing small-scale physics, but gauge dependence of their energy density has remained a fundamental challenge in cosmological perturbation theory.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-10 Chen Yuan , Yizhou Lu , Zu-Cheng Chen , Lang Liu

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) propagating through cosmic structures can provide invaluable information on the geometry and content of our Universe, as well as on the fundamental theory of gravity. In order to test possible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-25 Alice Garoffolo , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Carmelita Carbone , Daniele Bertacca , Sabino Matarrese

Spin-2, spin-1 and spin-0 modes in linearised teleparallelism are obtained where the totally skew-symmetric complex contortion tensor generates scalar torsion waves and the symmetric contortion in the last two indices generates…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. C. Garcia de Andrade

Here we study the wave propagation and stability of general relativistic non-resistive dissipative second-order magnetohydrodynamic equations in curved space-time. We solve the Boltzmann equation for a system of particles and antiparticles…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-09 Ankit Kumar Panda , Victor Roy

Scalar induced gravitational waves contribute to the cosmological gravitational wave background. They can be related to the primordial density power spectrum produced towards the end of inflation and therefore are a convenient new tool to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-10 Raphael Picard , Karim A. Malik

We present a systematic and robust approach to nonlinear gravitational perturbations of vacuum spacetimes. This approach provides a basis for a theory of nonlinear gravitational waves. In particular, we show that the system of perturbative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-27 Andrzej Rostworowski

We propose a new strategy to probe non-tensorial polarizations in the stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background. Averaging over polarization angles, we find that three-point correlations of the GW signal vanish for tensor and vector…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Flavio C. Sánchez , Gianmassimo Tasinato

This paper aims at investigating the influence of space-time curvature on the uncertainty relation. In particular, relying on previous findings, we assume the quantum wave function to be confined to a geodesic ball on a given space-like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-02 Luciano Petruzziello , Fabian Wagner

In this work we consider perturbations of homogeneous and hypersurface orthogonal cosmological backgrounds with local rotational symmetry (LRS), using a method based on the 1 + 1 + 2 covariant split of spacetime. The backgrounds, of LRS…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-08 Michael Bradley , Mats Forsberg , Zoltán Keresztes

We argue that massless gravitons in all even dimensional de Sitter (dS) spacetimes higher than two admit a linear memory effect arising from their propagation inside the null cone. Assume that gravitational waves (GWs) are being generated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-18 Yi-Zen Chu

We investigate the non-Gaussianity of second-order matter density perturbations induced by primordial gravitational waves (GWs). These tensor-induced scalar modes arise from local fluctuations in the GWs energy density, which is quadratic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Mariam Abdelaziz , Pritha Bari , Sabino Matarrese , Angelo Ricciardone

In this article, I present an elementary introduction to the theory of gravitational waves. This article is meant for students who have had an exposure to general relativity, but, results from general relativity used in the main discussion…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Indrajit Chakrabarty

We study cosmological gravitational waves generated during inflation under the influence of a decaying cosmological "constant", in the Transverse-Traceless (TT) gauge. In our approach we consider a non-perturbative contribution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-27 Reyes Luz Marina , Moreno Claudia , Madriz Aguilar Jose Edgar

We present a new approach to gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations at second order, which is also covariant. We examine two cases in particular for a dust Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model of any curvature: we investigate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Chris Clarkson

Gravitational waves (GWs) distort galaxy shapes through the tidal effect, offering a novel avenue to probe the nature of gravity. In this paper, we investigate how extra GW polarizations beyond those predicted by general relativity imprint…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-10 Yusuke Mikura , Teppei Okumura , Misao Sasaki

The geometrical-optics expansion reduces the problem of solving wave equations to one of solving transport equations along rays. Here we consider scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves propagating on a curved spacetime in general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-25 Sam R Dolan

A stochastic second-order wave model is applied to assess the statistical properties of wave orbital velocity in random sea states below the water surface. Directional spreading effects as well as the dependency of the water depth are…