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Quantifying the uncertainty in predictive models is critical for establishing trust and enabling risk-informed decision making for personalized medicine. In contrast to one-size-fits-all approaches that seek to mitigate risk at the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Graham Pash , Umberto Villa , David A. Hormuth , Thomas E. Yankeelov , Karen Willcox

This article presents the general framework of theranostic digital twins (TDTs) in computational nuclear medicine, designed to support clinical decision-making and improve cancer patient prognosis through personalized radiopharmaceutical…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-07 Marc Ryhiner , Yangmeihui Song , Babak Saboury , Gerhard Glatting , Arman Rahmim , Kuangyu Shi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise in revolutionizing healthcare, especially in clinical applications. Simultaneously, Digital Twin technology, which models and simulates complex systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Himanshu Pandey , Akhil Amod , Shivang , Kshitij Jaggi , Ruchi Garg , Abheet Jain , Vinayak Tantia

Neuro-oncological prognostics are now vital in modern clinical neuroscience because brain tumors pose significant challenges in detection and management. To tackle this issue, we propose a cognitive digital twin framework that combines…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Saptarshi Banerjee , Himadri Nath Saha , Utsho Banerjee , Rajarshi Karmakar , Jon Turdiev

Accurate prediction of tumor trajectories under standard-of-care (SoC) therapies remains a major unmet need in oncology. This capability is essential for optimizing treatment planning and anticipating disease progression. Conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Moinak Bhattacharya , Gagandeep Singh , Prateek Prasanna

We develop a methodology to create data-driven predictive digital twins for optimal risk-aware clinical decision-making. We illustrate the methodology as an enabler for an anticipatory personalized treatment that accounts for uncertainties…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Anirban Chaudhuri , Graham Pash , David A. Hormuth , Guillermo Lorenzo , Michael Kapteyn , Chengyue Wu , Ernesto A. B. F. Lima , Thomas E. Yankeelov , Karen Willcox

Despite the remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management that have occurred over the past decade, malignant tumors remain a major public health problem. Further progress in combating cancer may be enabled by…

Rare gynecological tumors (RGTs) present major clinical challenges due to their low incidence and heterogeneity. The lack of clear guidelines leads to suboptimal management and poor prognosis. Molecular tumor boards accelerate access to…

Colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticular disease are progressive conditions that affect millions of individuals worldwide and impose substantial clinical and economic burdens. Early detection and personalized…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Sayed Chhattan Shah , Andrea Townsend-Nicholson , Spiros Denaxas , Pablo Lamata , Manish Chand

Digital twins for radiation-based imaging and therapy are most useful when they assimilate patient data, quantify predictive uncertainty, and support clinically constrained decisions. This paper presents a modular framework for actionable…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Hsin-Hsiung Huang , Bulent Soykan

Digital twin technology has is anticipated to transform healthcare, enabling personalized medicines and support, earlier diagnoses, simulated treatment outcomes, and optimized surgical plans. Digital twins are readily gaining traction in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Logan Nye

Personalized chronic care requires the integration of multimodal health data to enable precise, adaptive, and preventive decision-making. Yet most current digital twin (DT) applications remain organ-specific or tied to isolated data types,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Amal Elgammal , Bernd J. Krämer , Michael P. Papazoglou , Mira Raheem

A patient's digital twin is a computational model that describes the evolution of their health over time. Digital twins have the potential to revolutionize medicine by enabling individual-level computer simulations of human health, which…

Accurately modeling the spatiotemporal evolution of tumor morphology from baseline imaging is a pre-requisite for developing digital twin frameworks that can simulate disease progression and treatment response. Most existing approaches…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Moinak Bhattacharya , Gagandeep Singh , Prateek Prasanna

Virtual patients and digital patients/twins are two similar concepts gaining increasing attention in health care with goals to accelerate drug development and improve patients' survival, but with their own limitations. Although methods have…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-25 Hanwen Wang , Theinmozhi Arulraj , Alberto Ippolito , Aleksander S. Popel

A digital health twin can be defined as a virtual model of a physical person, in this specific case, a patient. This virtual model is constituted by multidimensional data that can host from clinical, molecular and therapeutic parameters to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Manuel Cossio

AI-driven precision oncology has the transformative potential to reshape cancer treatment by leveraging the power of AI models to analyze the interaction between complex patient characteristics and their corresponding treatment outcomes.…

Medical imaging has played a pivotal role in advancing and refining digital twin technology, allowing for the development of highly personalized virtual models that represent human anatomy and physiological functions. A key component in…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Feng Zhao , Yizhou Wu , Mingzhe Hu , Chih-Wei Chang , Ruirui Liu , Richard Qiu , Xiaofeng Yang

Predicting individual cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult due to the heterogeneity of disease progression. Reliable clinical tools require not only high accuracy but also fairness across demographics and robustness to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bulent Soykan , Gulsah Hancerliogullari Koksalmis , Hsin-Hsiung Huang , Laura J. Brattain

Clinical trials are indispensable for medical research and the development of new treatments. However, clinical trials often involve thousands of participants and can span several years to complete, with a high probability of failure during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yue Wang , Tianfan Fu , Yinlong Xu , Zihan Ma , Hongxia Xu , Yingzhou Lu , Bang Du , Honghao Gao , Jian Wu
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