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Detecting hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is critical for enhancing their reliability and trustworthiness. Most research focuses on hallucinations as deviations from information seen during training. However, the opaque…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Fabian Ridder , Malte Schilling

As organizations increasingly integrate AI-powered question-answering systems into financial information systems for compliance, risk assessment, and decision support, ensuring the factual accuracy of AI-generated outputs becomes a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Mahesh Kumar , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks but remain susceptible to hallucinations, confidently generated yet factually incorrect outputs. We introduce a reference-free,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Keshav Kumar

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly integral to healthcare applications, including medical visual question answering and imaging report generation. While these models inherit the robust capabilities of foundational Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiawei Chen , Dingkang Yang , Tong Wu , Yue Jiang , Xiaolu Hou , Mingcheng Li , Shunli Wang , Dongling Xiao , Ke Li , Lihua Zhang

Retriever Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have become pivotal in enhancing the capabilities of language models by incorporating external knowledge retrieval mechanisms. However, a significant challenge in deploying these systems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Masha Belyi , Robert Friel , Shuai Shao , Atindriyo Sanyal

A frequently observed problem with LLMs is their tendency to generate output that is nonsensical, illogical, or factually incorrect, often referred to broadly as hallucination. Building on the recently proposed HalluciGen task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Evangelia Gogoulou , Shorouq Zahra , Liane Guillou , Luise Dürlich , Joakim Nivre

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown propensity to generate hallucinated outputs, i.e., texts that are factually incorrect or unsupported. Existing methods for alleviating hallucinations typically require costly human annotations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yu Xia , Xu Liu , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Anup Rao , Tung Mai , Shuai Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have unlocked powerful cross-modal capabilities, but still significantly suffer from hallucinations. As such, accurate detection of hallucinations in MLLMs is imperative for ensuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pinxue Guo , Chongruo Wu , Xinyu Zhou , Lingyi Hong , Zhaoyu Chen , Jinglun Li , Kaixun Jiang , Sen-ching Samson Cheung , Wei Zhang , Wenqiang Zhang

Hallucinations in machine translation are translations that contain information completely unrelated to the input. Omissions are translations that do not include some of the input information. While both cases tend to be catastrophic errors…

Detecting spans of hallucination in LLM-generated answers is crucial for improving factual consistency. This paper presents a span-level hallucination detection framework for the SemEval-2025 Shared Task, focusing on English and Arabic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Passant Elchafei , Mervet Abu-Elkheir

Large language models (LLMs) are known to "hallucinate" by generating false or misleading outputs. Hallucinations pose various harms, from erosion of trust to widespread misinformation. Existing hallucination evaluation, however, focuses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Prakhar Ganesh , Reza Shokri , Golnoosh Farnadi

Hallucinations are one of the major issues affecting LLMs, hindering their wide adoption in production systems. While current research solutions for detecting hallucinations are mainly based on heuristics, in this paper we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Emanuele Ricco , Lorenzo Cima , Roberto Di Pietro

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate non-factual content, known as hallucinations. Existing retrieval-augmented-based hallucination detection approaches typically address this by framing it as a classification task, evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Binjie Wang , Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Pengfei Liu

We introduce DAHL, a benchmark dataset and automated evaluation system designed to assess hallucination in long-form text generation, specifically within the biomedical domain. Our benchmark dataset, meticulously curated from biomedical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Jean Seo , Jongwon Lim , Dongjun Jang , Hyopil Shin

We introduce VIGIL (Visual Inconsistency & Generative In-context Lucidity), the first benchmark dataset and framework providing a fine-grained categorization of hallucinations in the multimodal image recontextualization task for large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Joanna Wojciechowicz , Maria Łubniewska , Jakub Antczak , Justyna Baczyńska , Wojciech Gromski , Wojciech Kozłowski , Maciej Zięba

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge for large language models when answering knowledge-intensive queries. As LLMs become more widely adopted, it is crucial not only to detect if hallucinations occur but also to pinpoint exactly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sicong Huang , Jincheng He , Shiyuan Huang , Karthik Raja Anandan , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Ian Lane

Recent studies have examined attention dynamics in large vision-language models (LVLMs) to detect hallucinations. However, existing approaches remain limited in reliably distinguishing hallucinated from factually grounded outputs, as they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xiaofeng Zhang , Yuanchao Zhu , Chaochen Gu , Xiaosong Yuan , Qiyan Zhao , Jiawei Cao , Feilong Tang , Sinan Fan , Yaomin Shen , Chen Shen , Hao Tang

Recent work has demonstrated state-of-the-art results in large language model (LLM) hallucination detection and mitigation through consistency-based approaches which involve aggregating multiple responses sampled from a single LLM for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Demian Till , John Smeaton , Peter Haubrick , Gouse Saheb , Florian Graef , David Berman

The hallucination of large multimodal models (LMMs), providing responses that appear correct but are actually incorrect, limits their reliability and applicability. This paper aims to study the hallucination problem of LMMs in video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongcheng Gao , Jiashu Qu , Jingyi Tang , Baolong Bi , Yue Liu , Hongyu Chen , Li Liang , Li Su , Qingming Huang