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In multi-target tracking (MTT), non-Gaussian measurement noise from sensors can diminish the performance of the Gaussian-assumed Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filter. In this paper, an approach that transforms the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-18 Jiacheng He , Shan Zhong , Bei Peng , Gang Wang , Qizhen Wang

The ensemble Gaussian mixture filter combines the simplicity and power of Gaussian mixture models with the provable convergence and power of particle filters. The quality of the ensemble Gaussian mixture filter heavily depends on the choice…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Andrey A Popov , Renato Zanetti

This paper develops a general trajectory probability hypothesis density (TPHD) filter, which uses a general density for target-generated measurements and is able to estimate trajectories of coexisting point and extended targets. First, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shaoxiu Wei , Ángel F. García-Fernández , Wei Yi

Sequential state estimation in non-linear and non-Gaussian state spaces has a wide range of applications in statistics and signal processing. One of the most effective non-linear filtering approaches, particle filtering, suffers from weight…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-01 Yunpeng Li , Soumyasundar Pal , Mark Coates

This paper presents the Gaussian implementation of the multi-Bernoulli mixture (MBM) filter. The MBM filter provides the filtering (multi-target) density for the standard dynamic and radar measurement models when the birth model is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-26 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Yuxuan Xia , Karl Granström , Lennart Svensson , Jason L. Williams

This paper investigates an approximation scheme of the optimal nonlinear Bayesian filter based on the Gaussian mixture representation of the state probability distribution function. The resulting filter is similar to the particle filter,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-05-30 Ibrahim Hoteit , Xiaodong Luo , Dinh-Tuan Pham

Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are fundamental statistical tools for modeling heterogeneous data. Due to the nonconcavity of the likelihood function, the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is widely used for parameter estimation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Xin Bing , Dehan Kong , Bingqing Li

By formulating the inverse problem of partial differential equations (PDEs) as a statistical inference problem, the Bayesian approach provides a general framework for quantifying uncertainties. In the inverse problem of PDEs, parameters are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Haoyu Lu , Junxiong Jia , Deyu Meng

We propose an Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) learning algorithm, based on our previous work of GMM expansion idea. The new algorithm brings more robustness and simplicity than classic Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. It also improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Weiguo Lu , Xuan Wu , Deng Ding , Gangnan Yuan

Future cellular networks that utilize millimeter wave signals provide new opportunities in positioning and situational awareness. Large bandwidths combined with large antenna arrays provide unparalleled delay and angle resolution, allowing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-04 Ossi Kaltiokallio , Yu Ge , Jukka Talvitie , Henk Wymeersch , Mikko Valkama

This paper introduces a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter in which the intensities of target birth and undetected targets are grid-based. A simplified version of the Rao-Blackwellized point mass filter is used to predict the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-22 Per Boström-Rost , Daniel Axehill , Gustaf Hendeby

This work examines the problem of using finite Gaussian mixtures (GM) probability density functions in recursive Bayesian peer-to-peer decentralized data fusion (DDF). It is shown that algorithms for both exact and approximate GM DDF lead…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-10 Nisar R. Ahmed

This paper presents the probability hypothesis density filter (PHD) and the cardinality PHD (CPHD) filter for sets of trajectories, which are referred to as the trajectory PHD (TPHD) and trajectory CPHD (TCPHD) filters. Contrary to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Lennart Svensson

This paper presents a fully non-Gaussian version of the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampling filter. The Gaussian prior assumption in the original HMC filter is relaxed. Specifically, a clustering step is introduced after the forecast…

Computation · Statistics 2016-08-19 Ahmed Attia , Azam Moosavi , Adrian Sandu

The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) provides a simple yet principled framework for clustering, with properties suitable for statistical inference. In this paper, we propose a new model-based clustering algorithm, called EGMM (evidential GMM),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Lianmeng Jiao , Thierry Denoeux , Zhun-ga Liu , Quan Pan

We propose a novel consensus notion, called "partial consensus", for distributed GM-PHD (Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density) fusion based on a peer-to-peer (P2P) sensor network, in which only highly-weighted posterior Gaussian…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Tiancheng Li , Juan M Corchado , Shudong Sun

The Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) is a multi-object conjugate prior for the closed-form Bayes random finite sets filter. The extended object PMBM filter provides a closed-form solution for multiple extended object filtering with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-16 Yuxuan Xia , Karl Granström , Lennart Svensson , Maryam Fatemi , Ángel F. García-Fernández , Jason L. Williams

This paper proposes a heterogenous density fusion approach to scalable multisensor multitarget tracking where the inter-connected sensors run different types of random finite set (RFS) filters according to their respective capacity and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Tiancheng Li , Ruibo Yan , Kai Da , Hongqi Fan

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Iordanis Kerenidis , Alessandro Luongo , Anupam Prakash

The Bootstrap Particle Filter (BPF) and the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are two widely used methods for sequential Bayesian filtering: the BPF is asymptotically exact but can suffer from weight degeneracy, while the EnKF scales well in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Ilja Klebanov , Claudia Schillings , Dana Wrischnig