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Accurately evaluating model performance is crucial for deploying machine learning systems in real-world applications. Traditional methods often require a sufficiently large labeled test set to ensure a reliable evaluation. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hai Hoang Thanh , Duy-Tung Nguyen , Hung The Tran , Khoat Than

Explainable AI (XAI) is an active research area to interpret a neural network's decision by ensuring transparency and trust in the task-specified learned models. Recently, perturbation-based model analysis has shown better interpretation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mahesh Sudhakar , Sam Sattarzadeh , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Jongseong Jang , Yeonjeong Jeong , Hyunwoo Kim

Feature attribution (FA) methods are widely used in explainable AI (XAI) to help users understand how the inputs of a machine learning model contribute to its outputs. However, different FA models often provide disagreeing importance scores…

With the increased usage of artificial intelligence (AI), it is imperative to understand how these models work internally. These needs have led to the development of a new field called eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI). This field…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Miquel Miró-Nicolau , Antoni Jaume-i-Capó , Gabriel Moyà-Alcover

Evaluating the quality of explanations in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to this day a challenging problem, with ongoing debate in the research community. While some advocate for establishing standardized offline metrics,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Teodor Chiaburu , Frank Haußer , Felix Bießmann

In recent years, the community of 'explainable artificial intelligence' (XAI) has created a vast body of methods to bridge a perceived gap between model 'complexity' and 'interpretability'. However, a concrete problem to be solved by XAI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Rick Wilming , Leo Kieslich , Benedict Clark , Stefan Haufe

Tabular data synthesis is a long-standing research topic in machine learning. Many different methods have been proposed over the past decades, ranging from statistical methods to deep generative methods. However, it has not always been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jayoung Kim , Chaejeong Lee , Noseong Park

Explainable AI (XAI) methods are commonly evaluated with functional metrics such as correctness, which computationally estimate how accurately an explanation reflects the model's reasoning. Higher correctness is assumed to produce better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Gregor Baer , Chao Zhang , Isel Grau , Pieter Van Gorp

Privacy-preserving synthetic data offers a promising solution to harness segregated data in high-stakes domains where information is compartmentalized for regulatory, privacy, or institutional reasons. This survey provides a comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Viktor Schlegel , Anil A Bharath , Zilong Zhao , Kevin Yee

Interpretable representations are the backbone of many explainers that target black-box predictive systems based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. They translate the low-level data representation necessary for good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Explainable AI (XAI) is an increasingly important area of machine learning research, which aims to make black-box models transparent and interpretable. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to XAI that uses the so-called counterfactual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Bastian Pfeifer , Mateusz Krzyzinski , Hubert Baniecki , Anna Saranti , Andreas Holzinger , Przemyslaw Biecek

Explainable AI (XAI) is a promising means of supporting human-AI collaborations for high-stakes visual detection tasks, such as damage detection tasks from satellite imageries, as fully-automated approaches are unlikely to be perfectly safe…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Donghoon Shin , Sachin Grover , Kenneth Holstein , Adam Perer

While a substantial amount of work has recently been devoted to enhance the performance of computational Authorship Identification (AId) systems, little to no attention has been paid to endowing AId systems with the ability to explain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Mattia Setzu , Silvia Corbara , Anna Monreale , Alejandro Moreo , Fabrizio Sebastiani

Explainable AI (XAI) holds significant promise for enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven threat detection in Security Operations Centers (SOCs). However, identifying the appropriate level and format of explanation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nidhi Rastogi , Shirid Pant , Devang Dhanuka , Amulya Saxena , Pranjal Mairal

Tabular data is one of the most widely used formats across industries, driving critical applications in areas such as finance, healthcare, and marketing. In the era of data-centric AI, improving data quality and representation has become…

The sharing of large-scale transportation data is beneficial for transportation planning and policymaking. However, it also raises significant security and privacy concerns, as the data may include identifiable personal information, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Chengen Wang , Alvaro Cardenas , Gurcan Comert , Murat Kantarcioglu

We present a focused analysis of user studies in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) entailing qualitative investigation. We draw on social science corpora to suggest ways for improving the rigor of studies where XAI researchers use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Adam J. Johs , Denise E. Agosto , Rosina O. Weber

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques aim to provide insights into predictive models and enhance user performance, yet they often fall short of these expectations. Conversational XAI assistants promise to overcome such limitations, but empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sven Kruschel , Julian Rosenberger , Lasse Bohlen , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech

The critical need for transparent and trustworthy machine learning in cybersecurity operations drives the development of this integrated Explainable AI (XAI) framework. Our methodology addresses three fundamental challenges in deploying AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Norrakith Srisumrith , Sunantha Sodsee