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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in complex tasks like machine translation, commonsense reasoning, and language understanding. One of the primary reasons for the adaptability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Nicholas Kroeger , Dan Ley , Satyapriya Krishna , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Interpretability is essential for machine learning algorithms in high-stakes application fields such as medical image analysis. However, high-performing black-box neural networks do not provide explanations for their predictions, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Susu Sun , Stefano Woerner , Andreas Maier , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

With the ever-increasing use of complex machine learning models in critical applications within the finance domain, explaining the decisions of the model has become a necessity. With applications spanning from credit scoring to credit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Aditya Lahiri , Narayanan Unny Edakunni

This paper explores the intricate relationship between interpretability and robustness in deep learning models. Despite their remarkable performance across various tasks, deep learning models often exhibit critical vulnerabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Rakin , Longwei Wang

The use of complex machine learning models can make systems opaque to users. Machine learning research proposes the use of post-hoc explanations. However, it is unclear if they give users insights into otherwise uninterpretable models. One…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Martin Schuessler , Philipp Weiß

Understanding the decision-making process of black-box models has become not just a legal requirement, but also an additional way to assess their performance. However, the state of the art post-hoc explanation approaches for regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nedeljko Radulovic , Albert Bifet , Fabian Suchanek

Methods for interpreting machine learning black-box models increase the outcomes' transparency and in turn generates insight into the reliability and fairness of the algorithms. However, the interpretations themselves could contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Yujia Zhang , Kuangyan Song , Yiming Sun , Sarah Tan , Madeleine Udell

Most of the work on interpretable machine learning has focused on designing either inherently interpretable models, which typically trade-off accuracy for interpretability, or post-hoc explanation systems, which lack guarantees about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Gregory Plumb , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Eric Xing , Ameet Talwalkar

The rapid evolution of machine learning (ML) has led to the widespread adoption of complex "black box" models, such as deep neural networks and ensemble methods. These models exhibit exceptional predictive performance, making them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Moncef Garouani , Josiane Mothe , Ayah Barhrhouj , Julien Aligon

As machine learning black boxes are increasingly being deployed in domains such as healthcare and criminal justice, there is growing emphasis on building tools and techniques for explaining these black boxes in an interpretable manner. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Dylan Slack , Sophie Hilgard , Emily Jia , Sameer Singh , Himabindu Lakkaraju

When it comes to complex machine learning models, commonly referred to as black boxes, understanding the underlying decision making process is crucial for domains such as healthcare and financial services, and also when it is used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Jürgen Dieber , Sabrina Kirrane

Modern time series forecasting increasingly relies on complex ensemble models generated by AutoML systems like AutoGluon, delivering superior accuracy but with significant costs to transparency and interpretability. This paper introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yikai Zhao , Jiekai Ma

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

The decision-making process of many state-of-the-art machine learning models is inherently inscrutable to the extent that it is impossible for a human to interpret the model directly: they are black box models. This has led to a call for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Ilse van der Linden , Hinda Haned , Evangelos Kanoulas

Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) is a popular method to perform interpretability of any kind of Machine Learning (ML) model. It explains one ML prediction at a time, by learning a simple linear model around the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Giorgio Visani , Enrico Bagli , Federico Chesani

Recommender systems are widely used in online services, with embedding-based models being particularly popular due to their expressiveness in representing complex signals. However, these models often function as a black box, making them…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yuxuan Lei , Jianxun Lian , Jing Yao , Xu Huang , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

This paper provides empirical concerns about post-hoc explanations of black-box ML models, one of the major trends in AI explainability (XAI), by showing its lack of interpretability and societal consequences. Using a representative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Jean-Marie John-Mathews

In artificial intelligence (AI), the complexity of many models and processes surpasses human understanding, making it challenging to determine why a specific prediction is made. This lack of transparency is particularly problematic in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 Alexandra Stadler , Werner G. Müller , Radoslav Harman

Deep neural networks and other intricate Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have reached high levels of accuracy on many biomedical natural language processing tasks. However, their applicability in real-world use cases may be limited due…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

Optimizing costly black-box functions within a constrained evaluation budget presents significant challenges in many real-world applications. Surrogate Optimization (SO) is a common resolution, yet its proprietary nature introduced by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Nazanin Nezami , Hadis Anahideh