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Most of the work on interpretable machine learning has focused on designing either inherently interpretable models, which typically trade-off accuracy for interpretability, or post-hoc explanation systems, whose explanation quality can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Gregory Plumb , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Angel Alexander Cabrera , Adam Perer , Eric Xing , Ameet Talwalkar

ML model design either starts with an interpretable model or a Blackbox and explains it post hoc. Blackbox models are flexible but difficult to explain, while interpretable models are inherently explainable. Yet, interpretable models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Shantanu Ghosh , Ke Yu , Forough Arabshahi , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Local surrogate approaches for explaining machine learning model predictions have appealing properties, such as being model-agnostic and flexible in their modelling. Several methods exist that fit this description and share this goal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Rafael Poyiadzi , Xavier Renard , Thibault Laugel , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Marcin Detyniecki

Machine learning and especially deep learning have garneredtremendous popularity in recent years due to their increased performanceover other methods. The availability of large amount of data has aidedin the progress of deep learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Sharath M. Shankaranarayana , Davor Runje

Neural networks are widely regarded as black-box models, creating significant challenges in understanding their inner workings, especially in natural language processing (NLP) applications. To address this opacity, model explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Melkamu Mersha , Mingiziem Bitewa , Tsion Abay , Jugal Kalita

Complex black-box predictive models may have high performance, but lack of interpretability causes problems like lack of trust, lack of stability, sensitivity to concept drift. On the other hand, achieving satisfactory accuracy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Alicja Gosiewska , Przemyslaw Biecek

Time series forecasting, while vital in various applications, often employs complex models that are difficult for humans to understand. Effective explainable AI techniques are crucial to bridging the gap between model predictions and user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Hongnan Ma , Kevin McAreavey , Weiru Liu

Post-hoc explanations provide transparency and are essential for guiding model optimization, such as prompt engineering and data sanitation. However, applying model-agnostic techniques to Large Language Models (LLMs) is hindered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Junhao Liu , Haonan Yu , Zhenyu Yan , Xin Zhang

Despite outstanding contribution to the significant progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI), deep learning models remain mostly black boxes, which are extremely weak in explainability of the reasoning process and prediction results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sheng Shi , Xinfeng Zhang , Wei Fan

Most existing interpretable methods explain a black-box model in a post-hoc manner, which uses simpler models or data analysis techniques to interpret the predictions after the model is learned. However, they (a) may derive contradictory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Mengzhuo Guo , Qingpeng Zhang , Xiuwu Liao , Daniel Dajun Zeng

This paper analyses the fundamental ingredients behind surrogate explanations to provide a better understanding of their inner workings. We start our exposition by considering global surrogates, describing the trade-off between complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Rafael Poyiadzi , Xavier Renard , Thibault Laugel , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Marcin Detyniecki

Interpretable surrogates of black-box predictors trained on high-dimensional tabular datasets can struggle to generate comprehensible explanations in the presence of correlated variables. We propose a model-agnostic interpretable surrogate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-05 Xavier Renard , Nicolas Woloszko , Jonathan Aigrain , Marcin Detyniecki

For optimization models to be used in practice, it is crucial that users trust the results. A key factor in this aspect is the interpretability of the solution process. A previous framework for inherently interpretable optimization models…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Marc Goerigk , Michael Hartisch , Sebastian Merten , Kartikey Sharma

Time series forecasting is a demanding task ranging from weather to failure forecasting with black-box models achieving state-of-the-art performances. However, understanding and debugging are not guaranteed. We propose TS-MULE, a local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Udo Schlegel , Duy Vo Lam , Daniel A. Keim , Daniel Seebacher

EXplainable AI has received significant attention in recent years. Machine learning models often operate as black boxes, lacking explainability and transparency while supporting decision-making processes. Local post-hoc explainability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gianvincenzo Alfano , Sergio Greco , Domenico Mandaglio , Francesco Parisi , Reza Shahbazian , Irina Trubitsyna

Transformer language models are state of the art in a multitude of NLP tasks. Despite these successes, their opaqueness remains problematic. Recent methods aiming to provide interpretability and explainability to black-box models primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Christopher Tauchmann , Kristian Kersting

Surrogate models play a crucial role in retrospectively interpreting complex and powerful black box machine learning models via model distillation. This paper focuses on using model-based trees as surrogate models which partition the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-06 Julia Herbinger , Susanne Dandl , Fiona K. Ewald , Sofia Loibl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

This paper focuses on explaining changes over time in globally-sourced, annual temporal data, with the specific objective of identifying pivotal factors that contribute to these temporal shifts. Leveraging such analytical frameworks can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Shou Nakano , Yang Liu

Explainability in time series models is crucial for fostering trust, facilitating debugging, and ensuring interpretability in real-world applications. In this work, we introduce Implet, a novel post-hoc explainer that generates accurate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Fanyu Meng , Ziwen Kan , Shahbaz Rezaei , Zhaodan Kong , Xin Chen , Xin Liu

Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms, such as Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Neural Networks, have become popular in recent years due to their superior predictive performance over traditional statistical methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-30 Linwei Hu , Jie Chen , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto