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Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with discrete modulation combines advantages of CVQKD, such as the implementability using readily available technologies, with advantages of discrete variable quantum key distribution,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Carlos Pascual-García , Stefan Bäuml , Mateus Araújo , Rotem Liss , Antonio Acín

This communication deals with the problem of bounding the approximation error on weak convergence of mixed coherent state towards a Gaussian thermal state. In the context of CVQKD with discrete modulation, we develop expressions for two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Micael Andrade Dias , Francisco Marcos de Assis

A numerical security proof technique is used to analyse the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols with phase-shift keying modulation against collective attacks in the asymptotic limit. We argue why it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Florian Kanitschar , Christoph Pacher

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) are two well accepted modulation techniques used in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system. The Pulse Shaping Filters play an important role in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-12-07 Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Salil Kumar Sanyal

Parameter estimation is a critical step in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), especially in the finite-size regime where worst-case confidence intervals can significantly reduce the achievable secret-key rate. We provide…

A continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol using squeezed states is proposed where the two legitimate partners send Gaussian-modulated squeezed states to an untrusted third party to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Wanyi Gu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Unidimensional (1D) Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols have been proposed as a way to simplify implementation and reduce costs through single-quadrature modulation, requiring only one modulator while…

Practical QKD modulators introduce correlations between consecutively emitted pulses due to bandwidth limitations, violating key assumptions underlying many security proof techniques. Here, we address this problem by introducing a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty

Discrete-variable (DV) quantum key distribution (QKD) based on single-photon detectors and sources have been successfully deployed for long-range secure key distribution. On the other hand, continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-24 Sebastian P. Kish , Patrick J. Gleeson , Angus Walsh , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

Numerical methods are widely used to calculate the secure key rate of many quantum key distribution protocols in practice, but they consume many computing resources and are too time-consuming. In this work, we take the homodyne detection…

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols are promising candidates for large-scale deployment due to the large technological overlap with deployed modern optical communication devices. The security of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Jie Lin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

A quantum key distribution (QKD) system must fulfill the requirement of universal composability to ensure that any cryptographic application (using the QKD system) is also secure. Furthermore, the theoretical proof responsible for security…

We propose a long-distance continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) protocol with discrete modulation. This kind of discrete-modulated schemes have good compatibility with efficient error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-22 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Dong-Yun Bai , Tao Wang , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

The Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (GM-CVQKD) protocol is known to maximise the mutual information between two parties during quantum key distribution (QKD). An alternative modulation scheme is the discrete…

The practical implementation difficulties arising from the Gaussian modulation of the GG02 protocol lead us to investigate the possibilities offered by the combination of probabilistic amplitude shaping technique and quadrature amplitude…

In this paper, we analyse the role of non-Gaussianity in continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) with multimode light under mode-mismatch. We consider entanglement-based protocol with non-Gaussian resources generated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Soumyakanti Bose , Hyunseok Jeong

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has been proposed as a method for securely exchanging keys to protect against the security concerns caused by potential advancements in quantum computing. In addition to optical fibre…

The discrete variables (DV) time-frequency (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is a BB84 like protocol, which utilizes time and frequency as complementary bases. As orthogonal modulations, pulse position modulation (PPM) and…

A truncated determinant algorithm is used to study the physical effects of the quark eigenmodes associated with eigenvalues below 420 MeV. This initial high statistics study focuses on coarse ($6^4$) lattices (with O($a^2$) improved gauge…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Duncan , E. Eichten , H. Thacker

A theoretical research and numerical simulation of the noise influence caused by spontaneous Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and linear channel crosstalk on the performance of QKD systems was conducted. Three types of QKD systems were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Irina Vorontsova , Roman Goncharov , Angelina Tarabrina , Fedor Kiselev , Vladimir Egorov