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Fluorescence microscopic imaging in centimeter-deep tissue has been highly sought-after for many years because much interesting in vivo micro-information, such as microcirculation, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis, may deeply locate in…
Illuminating or imaging samples from a broad angular range is essential in a wide variety of computational 3D imaging and resolution-enhancement techniques, such as optical projection tomography (OPT), optical diffraction tomography (ODT),…
Optical spectroscopy plays an essential role across scientific research and industry for non-contact materials analysis1-3, increasingly through in-situ or portable platforms4-6. However, when considering low-light-level applications,…
Experiments in the field of optomechanics do not yet fully exploit the photon polarization degree of freedom. Here experimental results for an optomechanical interaction in a polarization nondegenerate system are presented and schemes are…
The ability to control and modify infrared excitations in condensed matter is of both fundamental and application interests. Here we explore a system supporting low-energy excitations, in particular, mid-infrared localized plasmon modes and…
This thesis centres on the development of multidimensional fluorescence imaging tools, with a particular emphasis on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy for application to biological research. The key aspects of this thesis are…
Fluorescence lifetime experiments are a standard approach for measuring excited state dynamics and local environment effects. Here, we show that entangled photon pairs produced from a continuous-wave (CW) laser diode can replicate pulsed…
The requirement of high space-time resolution and brightness is a great challenge for imaging atomic motion and making molecular movies. Important breakthroughs in ultrabright tabletop laser, x-ray and electron sources have enabled the…
Two-Photon Microscopy (TPM) can provide three-dimensional morphological and functional contrast in vivo. Through proper staining, TPM can be utilized to create virtual, H&E equivalent images and thus can improve throughput in…
Electron spectroscopy implemented in electron microscopes provides high spatial resolution, down to the atomic scale, of the chemical, electronic, vibrational and optical properties of materials. In this review, we will describe how…
Hyperspectroscopy is a new method of surface image taking, providing simultaneously high position and spectral resolutions which allow one to make some conclusions about chemical compositions of the surfaces. We are now studying…
We have investigated the possibility of observing higher order antibunching (HOA) and higher order subpossonian photon statistics (HOSPS) in five wave mixing and third harmonic generation process. It had been shown that both processes…
We have analyzed a five-level $\wedge$-configuration Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) scheme for obtaining a high-efficiency FWM based on the two electromagnetically induced transparency. We find that the maximum FWM efficiency is nearly 30%, which…
A major open challenge in neuroscience is the ability to measure and perturb neural activity in vivo from well-defined neural sub-populations at cellular resolution anywhere in the brain. However, limitations posed by scattering and…
Spectroscopic photoemission microscopy is a well-established method to investigate the electronic structure of surfaces. In modern photoemission microscopes the electron optics allows imaging of the image plane, momentum plane, or…
Nonlinear optics processes lie at the heart of photonics and quantum optics for their indispensable role in light sources and information processing. During the past decades, the three- and four-wave mixing ($\chi^{(2)}$ and $\chi^{(3)}$)…
The conversion of phase variations in an optical wavefield into intensity information is of fundamental importance for optical imaging technology including microscopy of biological cells. While conventional approaches to phase-imaging…
Despite the tremendous progresses in wavefront control through or inside complex scattering media, several limitations prevent reaching practical feasibility for nonlinear imaging in biological tissues. While the optimization of nonlinear…
In deep tissue photoacoustic imaging, the spatial resolution is inherently limited by acoustic diffraction. Moreover, as the ultrasound attenuation increases with frequency, resolution is often traded-off for penetration depth. Here we…
Multiphoton absorption (MPA) is a nonlinear optical process that involves simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a material to promote its ground state to an excited state. Multiphoton absorption promises many important…