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The recent popularity of deep neural networks (DNNs) has generated a lot of research interest in performing DNN-related computation efficiently. However, the primary focus is usually very narrow and limited to (i) inference -- i.e. how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Hongyu Zhu , Mohamed Akrout , Bojian Zheng , Andrew Pelegris , Amar Phanishayee , Bianca Schroeder , Gennady Pekhimenko

When testing for a disease such as COVID-19, the standard method is individual testing: we take a sample from each individual and test these samples separately. An alternative is pooled testing (or "group testing"), where samples are mixed…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-14 Matthew Aldridge , David Ellis

The interpretation of vaccine efficacy estimands is subtle, even in randomized trials designed to quantify immunological effects of vaccination. In this article, we introduce terminology to distinguish between different vaccine efficacy…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-15 Mats Stensrud , Daniel Nevo , Uri Obolski

Computational approaches to transcription factor binding site identification have been actively researched for the past decade. Negative examples have long been utilized in de novo motif discovery and have been shown useful in transcription…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-19 Chih Lee , Chun-Hsi Huang

Precisely assessing the progress in natural language generation (NLG) tasks is challenging, and human evaluation to establish a preference in a model's output over another is often necessary. However, human evaluation is usually costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Philippe Laban , Chien-Sheng Wu , Wenhao Liu , Caiming Xiong

If we can lower the number of people needed to vaccinate for a community to be immune against contagious diseases, we can save resources and life. A key to reach such a lower threshold of immunization is to find and vaccinate people who,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-10-10 Sungmin Lee , Luis E. C. Rocha , Fredrik Liljeros , Petter Holme

Testing is recommended for all close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 patients. However, existing group testing methods are oblivious to the circumstances of contagion provided by contact tracing. Here, we build upon a well-known…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-01 Stratis Tsirtsis , Abir De , Lars Lorch , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez

The study in group testing aims to develop strategies to identify a small set of defective items among a large population using a few pooled tests. The established techniques have been highly beneficial in a broad spectrum of applications…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Venkata Gandikota , Nikita Polyanskii , Haodong Yang

Unmeasured confounding is a threat to causal inference in observational studies. In recent years, use of negative controls to mitigate unmeasured confounding has gained increasing recognition and popularity. Negative controls have a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-05 Xu Shi , Wang Miao , Jennifer C. Nelson , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Background: Rapid testing for an infection is paramount during a pandemic to prevent continued viral spread and excess morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine whether alternative testing strategies based on sample pooling can…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-27 Timo de Wolff , Dirk Pflüger , Michael Rehme , Janin Heuer , Martin-Immanuel Bittner

Background: In settings where proof-of-principle trials have succeeded but the effectiveness of different forms of implementation remains uncertain, trials that not only generate information about intervention effects but also provide…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-16 Guy Harling , Rui Wang , Jukka-Pekka Onnela , Victor De Gruttola

Comparative effectiveness evidence from randomized trials may not be directly generalizable to a target population of substantive interest when, as in most cases, trial participants are not randomly sampled from the target population.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-12 Fan Li , Ashley L. Buchanan , Stephen R. Cole

Policy responses to COVID-19, particularly those related to non-pharmaceutical interventions, are unprecedented in scale and scope. Epidemiologists are more involved in policy decisions and evidence generation than ever before. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-20 Noah A Haber , Emma Clarke-Deelder , Joshua A Salomon , Avi Feller , Elizabeth A Stuart

The paper introduces a novel approach to global sensitivity analysis, grounded in the variance-covariance structure of random variables derived from random measures. The proposed methodology facilitates the application of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-20 Caleb Deen Bastian , Herschel Rabitz , Grzegorz A Rempala

The success of an infectious disease to invade a population is strongly controlled by the population's specific connectivity structure. Here a network model is presented as an aid in understanding the role of social behavior and…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-07-10 Anna Litvak-Hinenzon , Lewi Stone

The waning of immunity after recovery or vaccination is a major factor accounting for the severity and prolonged duration of an array of epidemics, ranging from COVID-19 to diphtheria and pertussis. To study the effectiveness of different…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Shoshana Elgart

Efficient personnel scheduling plays a significant role in matching workload demand in organizations. However, staff scheduling is sometimes affected by unexpected events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that disrupt regular operations.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Mansoor Davoodi , Ana Batista , Abhishek Senapati , Justin M. Calabrese

Staggered treatment adoption arises in the evaluation of policy impact and implementation in many settings, including both randomized stepped-wedge trials and non-randomized quasi-experiments with panel data. In both settings, getting an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-14 Lee Kennedy-Shaffer

A common goal in clinical trials is to conduct tests on estimated treatment effects adjusted for covariates such as age or sex. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) is often used in these scenarios to test the global null hypothesis of no…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-24 Matthias Becher , Ludwig A. Hothorn , Frank Konietschke

Factorial designs are frequently used in different fields of science, e.g. psychological, medical or biometric studies. Standard approaches, as the ANOVA $F$-test, make different assumptions on the distribution of the error terms, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-21 Maria Umlauft