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Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

The remarkable abilities of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 partially stem from post-training processes like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) involving human preferences encoded in a reward model. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Corby Rosset , Guoqing Zheng , Victor Dibia , Ahmed Awadallah , Paul Bennett

Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides a framework to train agents using human preferences between two behaviors. However, preference-based RL has been challenging to scale since it requires a large amount of human feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Changyeon Kim , Jongjin Park , Jinwoo Shin , Honglak Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Kimin Lee

We propose a novel and efficient algorithm for the collaborative preference completion problem, which involves jointly estimating individualized rankings for a set of entities over a shared set of items, based on a limited number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-16 Suriya Gunasekar , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Joydeep Ghosh

Graphic layouts serve as an important and engaging medium for visual communication across different channels. While recent layout generation models have demonstrated impressive capabilities, they frequently fail to align with nuanced human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Varun Gopal , Rishabh Jain , Aradhya Mathur , Nikitha SR , Sohan Patnaik , Sudhir Yarram , Mayur Hemani , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Mausoom Sarkar

Synthetic datasets are important for evaluating and testing machine learning models. When evaluating real-life recommender systems, high-dimensional categorical (and sparse) datasets are often considered. Unfortunately, there are not many…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Miha Malenšek , Blaž Škrlj , Blaž Mramor , Jure Demšar

Reward modeling (a.k.a., preference modeling) is instrumental for aligning large language models with human preferences, particularly within the context of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). While conventional reward models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Lei Li , Yekun Chai , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hao Tian , Ningyu Zhang , Hua Wu

Aligning language models with human preferences presents significant challenges, particularly in achieving personalization without incurring excessive computational costs. Existing methods rely on reward signals and additional annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xiaotian Zhang , Ruizhe Chen , Yang Feng , Zuozhu Liu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown promising capabilities in understanding and generating information by integrating both visual and textual data. However, current models are still prone to hallucinations, which degrade the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Robert Wijaya , Ngoc-Bao Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Trajectory prediction is an essential step in the pipeline of an autonomous vehicle. Inaccurate or inconsistent predictions regarding the movement of agents in its surroundings lead to poorly planned maneuvers and potentially dangerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Caio Azevedo , Lina Achaji , Stefano Sabatini , Nicola Poerio , Grzegorz Bartyzel , Sascha Hornauer , Fabien Moutarde

We study reinforcement learning from human feedback in general Markov decision processes, where agents learn from trajectory-level preference comparisons. A central challenge in this setting is to design algorithms that select informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Andreas Schlaginhaufen , Reda Ouhamma , Maryam Kamgarpour

Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in aligning language models through the process of reinforcement learning from human feedback. RMs are trained to predict a score reflecting human preference, which requires significant time and cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zihuiwen Ye , Fraser Greenlee-Scott , Max Bartolo , Phil Blunsom , Jon Ander Campos , Matthias Gallé

Reward models trained on aggregate preferences often fail to capture individual users' values, but existing adaptation methods such as fine-tuning or long-context conditioning are too costly for real-time personalization. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yoonho Lee , Jonathan Williams , Henrik Marklund , Archit Sharma , Eric Mitchell , Anikait Singh , Chelsea Finn

Preference optimization methods like DPO have achieved remarkable performance in LLM alignment. However, the evaluation for these methods relies on a single response and overlooks other potential outputs, which could also be generated in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yifu Huo , Chenglong Wang , Qiren Zhu , Shunjie Xing , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Tongran Liu , Jinbo Zhu

Current preference learning methods achieve high accuracy on standard benchmarks but exhibit significant performance degradation when objective quality signals are removed. We introduce WritingPreferenceBench, a dataset of 1,800…

In sequential recommendation, models recommend items based on user's interaction history. To this end, current models usually incorporate information such as item descriptions and user intent or preferences. User preferences are usually not…

For summarization, human preference is critical to tame outputs of the summarizer in favor of human interests, as ground-truth summaries are scarce and ambiguous. Practical settings require dynamic exchanges between human and AI agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Duy-Hung Nguyen , Nguyen Viet Dung Nghiem , Bao-Sinh Nguyen , Dung Tien Le , Shahab Sabahi , Minh-Tien Nguyen , Hung Le

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback and its variants excel in aligning with human intentions to generate helpful, harmless, and honest responses. However, most of them rely on costly human-annotated pairwise comparisons for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Hongyu Yang , Qi Zhao , Zhenhua hu , Rui Li

Conversational recommendation frameworks have gained prominence as a dynamic paradigm for delivering personalized suggestions via interactive dialogues. The incorporation of advanced language understanding techniques has substantially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Guanrong Li , Kuo Tian , Jinnan Qi , Qinghan Fu , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai

Efficient learning of user preferences is crucial for many modern decision making systems but typically requires costly labeled data. Active learning reduces this cost, yet standard methods are computationally expensive due to pool-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Namrata Nadagouda , Nauman Ahad , Maegan Tucker , Mark A. Davenport