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The effectiveness of Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) manifold features has been proven in various computer vision tasks. However, due to the non-Euclidean geometry of these features, existing Euclidean machineries cannot be directly used.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Kun Zhao , Arnold Wiliem , Shaokang Chen , Brian C. Lovell

We explore the connection between two problems that have arisen independently in the signal processing and related fields: the estimation of the geometric mean of a set of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices and their approximate…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-28 Marco Congedo , Bijan Afsari , Alexandre Barachant , Maher Moakher

Symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices (e.g., covariances, graph Laplacians, etc.) are widely used to model the relationship of spatial or temporal domain. Nevertheless, SPD matrices are theoretically embedded on Riemannian manifolds.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Tong Zhang , Wenming Zheng , Zhen Cui , Chaolong Li

Deep learning (DL) has been widely investigated in a vast majority of applications in electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), especially for motor imagery (MI) classification in the past five years. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-26 Ce Ju , Cuntai Guan

Existing EEG foundation models mainly treat neural signals as generic time series in Euclidean space, ignoring the intrinsic geometric structure of neural dynamics that constrains brain activity to low-dimensional manifolds. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yihang Fu , Lifang He , Qingyu Chen

The electroencephalography (EEG) signal is a non-stationary, stochastic, and highly non-linear bioelectric signal for which achieving high classification accuracy is challenging, especially when the number of subjects is limited. As…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-03 Xiangyun Li , Peng Chen , Zhanpeng Bao

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) can capture the geometric properties of neural representations in EEG data. Here we utilise those to study how reinforcement-based motor learning affects neural activity patterns during motor planning, leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Federico Nardi , Jinpei Han , Shlomi Haar , A. Aldo Faisal

In many robot control problems, factors such as stiffness and damping matrices and manipulability ellipsoids are naturally represented as symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices, which capture the specific geometric characteristics of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Fares J. Abu-Dakka , Ville Kyrki

Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices have received wide attention in machine learning due to their intrinsic capacity to encode underlying structural correlation in data. Many successful Riemannian metrics have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Ziheng Chen , Yue Song , Tianyang Xu , Zhiwu Huang , Xiao-Jun Wu , Nicu Sebe

Understanding the operation of biological and artificial networks remains a difficult and important challenge. To identify general principles, researchers are increasingly interested in surveying large collections of networks that are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-14 Alex H. Williams , Erin Kunz , Simon Kornblith , Scott W. Linderman

Matrix-valued optimization tasks, including those involving symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices, arise in a wide range of applications in machine learning, data science and statistics. Classically, such problems are solved via…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Andrew Cheng , Melanie Weber

Deep learning models are often considered black boxes due to their complex hierarchical transformations. Identifying suitable architectures is crucial for maximizing predictive performance with limited data. Understanding the geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Michael Wienczkowski , Addisu Desta , Paschal Ugochukwu

Rapid and accurate simulations of fluid dynamics around complicated geometric bodies are critical in a variety of engineering and scientific applications, including aerodynamics and biomedical flows. However, while scientific machine…

Recent works have demonstrated promising performances of neural networks on hyperbolic spaces and symmetric positive definite (SPD) manifolds. These spaces belong to a family of Riemannian manifolds referred to as symmetric spaces of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Xuan Son Nguyen , Shuo Yang , Aymeric Histace

Motivated by the analysis of high-dimensional neuroimaging signals located over the cortical surface, we introduce a novel Principal Component Analysis technique that can handle functional data located over a two-dimensional manifold. For…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-02 Eardi Lila , John A. D. Aston , Laura M. Sangalli

Machine learning problems have an intrinsic geometric structure as central objects including a neural network's weight space and the loss function associated with a particular task can be viewed as encoding the intrinsic geometry of a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Guruprasad Raghavan , Matt Thomson

Despite progress in the rapidly developing field of geometric deep learning, performing statistical analysis on geometric data--where each observation is a shape such as a curve, graph, or surface--remains challenging due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Emmanuel Hartman , Nicolas Charon

Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to improve intraoperative decision making if tissue characterisation is performed in real-time and with high-resolution. Hyperspectral snapshot mosaic sensors offer a promising approach due to their…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-27 Peichao Li , Muhammad Asad , Conor Horgan , Oscar MacCormac , Jonathan Shapey , Tom Vercauteren

Non-ideal measurement computed tomography (NICT), which lowers radiation at the cost of image quality, is expanding the clinical use of CT. Although unified models have shown promise in NICT enhancement, most methods require paired data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fengzhi Xu , Ziyuan Yang , Zexin Lu , Yingyu Chen , Fenglei Fan , Hongming Shan , Yi Zhang

Spatial covariance matrices of EEG signals are Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) and lie on a Riemannian manifold, yet the theoretical connection between embedding geometry and optimization dynamics remains unexplored. We provide a formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Chi-Sheng Chen , En-Jui Kuo , Guan-Ying Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Fan Zhang