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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning. However, their ability to perform exact, deterministic computation remains unclear. In this work, we systematically evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongkun Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown prominent performance in various downstream tasks and prompt engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing LLMs' performance. This paper, not only as an overview of current prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Haochen Li , Jonathan Leung , Zhiqi Shen

We study how well large language models (LLMs) explain their generations through rationales -- a set of tokens extracted from the input text that reflect the decision-making process of LLMs. Specifically, we systematically study rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Mohsen Fayyaz , Fan Yin , Jiao Sun , Nanyun Peng

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated various reasoning capabilities through language-based prompts alone, particularly in unstructured task settings (tasks purely based on language semantics). However, LLMs often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Palaash Agrawal , Shavak Vasania , Cheston Tan

Few-shot prompting and step-by-step reasoning have enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in tackling complex tasks including code generation. In this paper, we introduce a prompt selection and augmentation algorithm…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-21 On Tai Wu , Frodo Kin Sun Chan , Zunhao Zhang , Yan Nei Law , Benny Drescher , Edmond Shiao Bun Lai

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Batch prompting is a common technique in large language models (LLMs) used to process multiple inputs simultaneously, aiming to improve computational efficiency. However, as batch sizes increase, performance degradation often occurs due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Longyu Feng , Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, yet they still struggle with math reasoning. In this work, we propose CoT-Influx, a novel approach that pushes the boundary of few-shot Chain-of-Thoughts (CoT) learning to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xijie Huang , Li Lyna Zhang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Recent research shows that pre-trained language models (PLMs) suffer from "prompt bias" in factual knowledge extraction, i.e., prompts tend to introduce biases toward specific labels. Prompt bias presents a significant challenge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Ziyang Xu , Keqin Peng , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiliang Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Large language models (LLMs) and prompt engineering hold significant potential for advancing computer programming education through personalized instruction. This paper explores this potential by investigating three critical research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Tianyu Wang , Nianjun Zhou , Zhixiong Chen

Software systems usually provide numerous configuration options that can affect performance metrics such as execution time, memory usage, binary size, or bitrate. On the one hand, making informed decisions is challenging and requires domain…

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Current large language model (LLM) applications often employ multi-component prompts, comprising both system and user prompts, to guide model behaviors. While recent advancements have demonstrated the efficacy of automatically optimizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xinyu Zhang , Yuanquan Hu , Fangchao Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) bear great potential for automating tedious development tasks such as creating and maintaining code documentation. However, it is unclear to what extent developers can effectively prompt LLMs to create concise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Hans-Alexander Kruse , Tim Puhlfürß , Walid Maalej

The effectiveness of Multimodal Chain-of-Thought (MCoT) prompting is often limited by the use of randomly or manually selected examples. These examples fail to account for both model-specific knowledge distributions and the intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xinglong Yang , Quan Feng , Zhongying Pan , Xiang Chen , Yu Tian , Wentong Li , Shuofei Qiao , Yuxia Geng , Xingyu Zhao , Sheng-Jun Huang

In large-scale industrial LLM systems, prompt templates often expand to thousands of tokens as teams iteratively incorporate sections such as task instructions, few-shot examples, and heuristic rules to enhance robustness and coverage. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhentao Xu , Fengyi Li , Albert Chen , Xiaofeng Wang

Human reasoning involves different strategies, each suited to specific problems. Prior work shows that large language model (LLMs) tend to favor a single reasoning strategy, potentially limiting their effectiveness in diverse reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yanjian Zhang , Guillaume Wisniewski , Nadi Tomeh , Thierry Charnois

Prompt engineering is an essential technique for enhancing the abilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing explicit and specific instructions. It enables LLMs to excel in various tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fobo Shi , Peijun Qing , Dong Yang , Nan Wang , Youbo Lei , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Duantengchuan Li

Code snippet adaptation is a fundamental activity in the software development process. Unlike code generation, code snippet adaptation is not a "free creation", which requires developers to tailor a given code snippet in order to fit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tanghaoran Zhang , Yue Yu , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Kang Yang , Yao Lu , Zhang Zhang , Yuxin Zhao