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This dissertation presents a theoretical study of soft hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We explore the principles governing the hadronization of the expanding QGP fireball, and to understand its properties. Much of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-11-26 Michal Petran

These proceedings summarize the LHCb measurements of charm- and beauty-hadron production in pPb collisions. The studies are made down to very low-\pt of the observed heavy-flavor hadrons using fully reconstructed decays. Nuclear matter…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-02-15 Yanxi Zhang

Understanding the hadronization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) remains a challenging problem in the study of strong-interaction matter as produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHICs). The large mass of heavy quarks renders…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-05 Min He , Ralf Rapp

We study the production and dynamics of heavy quarks in the parton cascade model for relativistic heavy ion collisions. The model is motivated by the QCD parton picture and describes the dynamics of an ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-01-03 Dinesh K. Srivastava , Steffen A. Bass , Rupa Chatterjee

We study the production dynamics of charm quarks in the parton cascade model for relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. The model is eminently suited for a study of the pre-equilibrium dynamics of charm quarks at modest…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-04-19 Dinesh K. Srivastava , Rupa Chatterjee

We study the production of multi-charmed hadrons by recombination in heavy ion collisions by focusing on the production of $\Xi_{cc}$, $\Xi_{cc}^*$, $\Omega_{scc}$, $\Omega_{scc}^*$, $\Omega_{ccc}$ baryons and X(3872) mesons. Starting from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-12 Sungtae Cho , Su Houng Lee

In this contribution, the nuclear modification factor and azimuthal anisotropy of prompt charm mesons and baryons in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV by the ALICE Collaboration are presented. Heavy quarks are a very…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-07-29 Luuk Vermunt

Heavy-ion collisions are a unique tool for studying properties of strong interactions at high energy densities. In particular, the momentum correlations of charm and bottom hadrons have been considered for testing heavy quark thermalisation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-15 M. Gazdzicki , D. Kikola , I. Pidhurskyi , L. Tinti

We investigate the charm hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with the quark combination model. The $p_{T}$ dependencies of the charm baryon to meson ratios such as…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-01-16 Tao Yao , Wei Zhou , Qu-Bing Xie

We present the production systematics of open charm hadron yields in high-energy collisions and their description based on the Statistical Hadronization Model of charm (SHMc). The rapidity density of $D^0, D^+, D^{*+}, D_s^+$ mesons and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-28 Peter Braun-Munzinger , Krzysztof Redlich , Natasha Sharma , Johanna Stachel

The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC studies heavy-ion collisions to investigate the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are effective probes for this purpose. Both their energy loss in the medium as…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Martin Völkl

First observations of the decays $\Lambda_b^0 \to \Lambda_c^+ D_{(s)}^-$ are reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ collected at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energy in proton-proton collisions with…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-03-27 LHCb collaboration , R. Aaij , A. Abba , B. Adeva , M. Adinolfi , A. Affolder , Z. Ajaltouni , J. Albrecht , F. Alessio , M. Alexander , S. Ali , G. Alkhazov , P. Alvarez Cartelle , A. A. Alves , S. Amato , S. Amerio , Y. Amhis , L. An , L. Anderlini , J. Anderson , R. Andreassen , M. Andreotti , J. E. Andrews , R. B. Appleby , O. Aquines Gutierrez , F. Archilli , A. Artamonov , M. Artuso , E. Aslanides , G. Auriemma , M. Baalouch , S. Bachmann , J. J. Back , A. Badalov , V. Balagura , W. Baldini , R. J. Barlow , C. Barschel , S. Barsuk , W. Barter , V. Batozskaya , Th. Bauer , A. Bay , J. Beddow , F. Bedeschi , I. Bediaga , S. Belogurov , K. Belous , I. Belyaev , E. Ben-Haim , G. Bencivenni , S. Benson , J. Benton , A. Berezhnoy , R. Bernet , M. -O. Bettler , M. van Beuzekom , A. Bien , S. Bifani , T. Bird , A. Bizzeti , P. M. Bjørnstad , T. Blake , F. Blanc , J. Blouw , S. Blusk , V. Bocci , A. Bondar , N. Bondar , W. Bonivento , S. Borghi , A. Borgia , M. Borsato , T. J. V. Bowcock , E. Bowen , C. Bozzi , T. Brambach , J. van den Brand , J. Bressieux , D. Brett , M. Britsch , T. Britton , N. H. Brook , H. Brown , A. Bursche , G. Busetto , J. Buytaert , S. Cadeddu , R. Calabrese , O. Callot , M. Calvi , M. Calvo Gomez , A. Camboni , P. Campana , D. Campora Perez , F. Caponio , A. Carbone , G. Carboni , R. Cardinale , A. Cardini , H. Carranza-Mejia , L. Carson , K. Carvalho Akiba , G. Casse , L. Cassina , L. Castillo Garcia , M. Cattaneo , Ch. Cauet , R. Cenci , M. Charles , Ph. Charpentier , S. -F. Cheung , N. Chiapolini , M. Chrzaszcz , K. Ciba , X. Cid Vidal , G. Ciezarek , P. E. L. Clarke , M. Clemencic , H. V. Cliff , J. Closier , C. Coca , V. Coco , J. Cogan , E. Cogneras , P. Collins , A. Comerma-Montells , A. Contu , A. Cook , M. Coombes , S. Coquereau , G. Corti , M. Corvo , I. Counts , B. Couturier , G. A. Cowan , D. C. Craik , M. Cruz Torres , A. R. Cukierman , S. Cunliffe , R. Currie , C. D'Ambrosio , J. Dalseno , P. David , P. N. Y. David , A. Davis , K. De Bruyn , S. De Capua , M. De Cian , J. M. De Miranda , L. De Paula , W. De Silva , P. De Simone , D. Decamp , M. Deckenhoff , L. Del Buono , N. Déléage , D. Derkach , O. Deschamps , F. Dettori , A. Di Canto , H. Dijkstra , S. Donleavy , F. Dordei , M. Dorigo , C. Dorothy , A. Dosil Suárez , D. Dossett , A. Dovbnya , F. Dupertuis , P. Durante , R. Dzhelyadin , A. Dziurda , A. Dzyuba , S. Easo , U. Egede , V. Egorychev , S. Eidelman , S. Eisenhardt , U. Eitschberger , R. Ekelhof , L. Eklund , I. El Rifai , Ch. Elsasser , S. Esen , T. Evans , A. Falabella , C. Färber , C. Farinelli , S. Farry , D. Ferguson , V. Fernandez Albor , F. Ferreira Rodrigues , M. Ferro-Luzzi , S. Filippov , M. Fiore , M. Fiorini , M. Firlej , C. Fitzpatrick , T. Fiutowski , M. Fontana , F. Fontanelli , R. Forty , O. Francisco , M. Frank , C. Frei , M. Frosini , J. Fu , E. Furfaro , A. Gallas Torreira , D. Galli , S. Gambetta , M. Gandelman , P. Gandini , Y. Gao , J. Garofoli , J. Garra Tico , L. Garrido , C. Gaspar , R. Gauld , L. Gavardi , E. Gersabeck , M. Gersabeck , T. Gershon , Ph. Ghez , A. Gianelle , S. Giani' , V. Gibson , L. Giubega , V. V. Gligorov , C. Göbel , D. Golubkov , A. Golutvin , A. Gomes , H. Gordon , C. Gotti , M. Grabalosa Gándara , R. Graciani Diaz , L. A. Granado Cardoso , E. Graugés , G. Graziani , A. Grecu , E. Greening , S. Gregson , P. Griffith , L. Grillo , O. Grünberg , B. Gui , E. Gushchin , Yu. Guz , T. Gys , C. Hadjivasiliou , G. Haefeli , C. Haen , S. C. Haines , S. Hall , B. Hamilton , T. Hampson , X. Han , S. Hansmann-Menzemer , N. Harnew , S. T. Harnew , J. Harrison , T. Hartmann , J. He , T. Head , V. Heijne , K. Hennessy , P. Henrard , L. Henry , J. A. Hernando Morata , E. van Herwijnen , M. Heß , A. Hicheur , D. Hill , M. Hoballah , C. Hombach , W. Hulsbergen , P. Hunt , N. Hussain , D. Hutchcroft , D. Hynds , M. Idzik , P. Ilten , R. Jacobsson , A. Jaeger , J. Jalocha , E. Jans , P. Jaton , A. Jawahery , M. Jezabek , F. Jing , M. John , D. Johnson , C. R. Jones , C. Joram , B. Jost , N. Jurik , M. Kaballo , S. Kandybei , W. Kanso , M. Karacson , T. M. Karbach , M. Kelsey , I. R. Kenyon , T. Ketel , B. Khanji , C. Khurewathanakul , S. Klaver , O. Kochebina , M. Kolpin , I. Komarov , R. F. Koopman , P. Koppenburg , M. Korolev , A. Kozlinskiy , L. Kravchuk , K. Kreplin , M. Kreps , G. Krocker , P. Krokovny , F. Kruse , M. Kucharczyk , V. Kudryavtsev , K. Kurek , T. Kvaratskheliya , V. N. La Thi , D. Lacarrere , G. Lafferty , A. Lai , D. Lambert , R. W. Lambert , E. Lanciotti , G. Lanfranchi , C. Langenbruch , B. Langhans , T. Latham , C. Lazzeroni , R. Le Gac , J. van Leerdam , J. -P. Lees , R. Lefèvre , A. Leflat , J. Lefrançois , S. Leo , O. Leroy , T. Lesiak , B. Leverington , Y. Li , M. Liles , R. Lindner , C. Linn , F. Lionetto , B. Liu , G. Liu , S. Lohn , I. Longstaff , I. Longstaff , J. H. Lopes , N. Lopez-March , P. Lowdon , H. Lu , D. Lucchesi , H. Luo , A. Lupato , E. Luppi , O. Lupton , F. Machefert , I. V. Machikhiliyan , F. Maciuc , O. Maev , S. Malde , G. Manca , G. Mancinelli , M. Manzali , J. Maratas , J. F. Marchand , U. Marconi , C. Marin Benito , P. Marino , R. Märki , J. Marks , G. Martellotti , A. Martens , A. Martín Sánchez , M. Martinelli , D. Martinez Santos , F. Martinez Vidal , D. Martins Tostes , A. Massafferri , R. Matev , Z. Mathe , C. Matteuzzi , A. Mazurov , M. McCann , J. McCarthy , A. McNab , R. McNulty , B. McSkelly , B. Meadows , F. Meier , M. Meissner , M. Merk , D. A. Milanes , M. -N. Minard , J. Molina Rodriguez , S. Monteil , D. Moran , M. Morandin , P. Morawski , A. Mordà , M. J. Morello , J. Moron , R. Mountain , F. Muheim , K. Müller , R. Muresan , B. Muster , P. Naik , T. Nakada , R. Nandakumar , I. Nasteva , M. Needham , N. Neri , S. Neubert , N. Neufeld , M. Neuner , A. D. Nguyen , T. D. Nguyen , C. Nguyen-Mau , M. Nicol , V. Niess , R. Niet , N. Nikitin , T. Nikodem , A. Novoselov , A. Oblakowska-Mucha , V. Obraztsov , S. Oggero , S. Ogilvy , O. Okhrimenko , R. Oldeman , G. Onderwater , M. Orlandea , J. M. Otalora Goicochea , P. Owen , A. Oyanguren , B. K. Pal , A. Palano , F. Palombo , M. Palutan , J. Panman , A. Papanestis , M. Pappagallo , C. Parkes , C. J. Parkinson , G. Passaleva , G. D. Patel , M. Patel , C. Patrignani , A. Pazos Alvarez , A. Pearce , A. Pellegrino , M. Pepe Altarelli , S. Perazzini , E. Perez Trigo , P. Perret , M. Perrin-Terrin , L. Pescatore , E. Pesen , K. Petridis , A. Petrolini , E. Picatoste Olloqui , B. Pietrzyk , T. Pilař , D. Pinci , A. Pistone , S. Playfer , M. Plo Casasus , F. Polci , A. Poluektov , E. Polycarpo , A. Popov , D. Popov , B. Popovici , C. Potterat , A. Powell , J. Prisciandaro , A. Pritchard , C. Prouve , V. Pugatch , A. Puig Navarro , G. Punzi , W. Qian , B. Rachwal , J. H. Rademacker , B. Rakotomiaramanana , M. Rama , M. S. Rangel , I. Raniuk , N. Rauschmayr , G. Raven , S. Reichert , M. M. Reid , A. 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Smith , E. Smith , J. Smith , M. Smith , H. Snoek , M. D. Sokoloff , F. J. P. Soler , F. Soomro , D. Souza , B. Souza De Paula , B. Spaan , A. Sparkes , F. Spinella , P. Spradlin , F. Stagni , S. Stahl , O. Steinkamp , O. Stenyakin , S. Stevenson , S. Stoica , S. Stone , B. Storaci , S. Stracka , M. Straticiuc , U. Straumann , R. Stroili , V. K. Subbiah , L. Sun , W. Sutcliffe , K. Swientek , S. Swientek , V. Syropoulos , M. Szczekowski , P. Szczypka , D. Szilard , T. Szumlak , S. T'Jampens , M. Teklishyn , G. Tellarini , E. Teodorescu , F. Teubert , C. Thomas , E. Thomas , J. van Tilburg , V. Tisserand , M. Tobin , S. Tolk , L. Tomassetti , D. Tonelli , S. Topp-Joergensen , N. Torr , E. Tournefier , S. Tourneur , M. T. Tran , M. Tresch , A. Tsaregorodtsev , P. Tsopelas , N. Tuning , M. Ubeda Garcia , A. Ukleja , A. Ustyuzhanin , U. Uwer , V. Vagnoni , G. Valenti , A. Vallier , R. Vazquez Gomez , P. Vazquez Regueiro , C. Vázquez Sierra , S. Vecchi , J. J. Velthuis , M. Veltri , G. Veneziano , M. Vesterinen , B. Viaud , D. Vieira , M. Vieites Diaz , X. Vilasis-Cardona , A. Vollhardt , D. Volyanskyy , D. Voong , A. Vorobyev , V. Vorobyev , C. Voß , H. Voss , J. A. de Vries , R. Waldi , C. Wallace , R. Wallace , J. Walsh , S. Wandernoth , J. Wang , D. R. Ward , N. K. Watson , A. D. Webber , D. Websdale , M. Whitehead , J. Wicht , D. Wiedner , G. Wilkinson , M. P. Williams , M. Williams , F. F. Wilson , J. Wimberley , J. Wishahi , W. Wislicki , M. Witek , G. Wormser , S. A. Wotton , S. Wright , S. Wu , K. Wyllie , Y. Xie , Z. Xing , Z. Xu , Z. Yang , X. Yuan , O. Yushchenko , M. Zangoli , M. Zavertyaev , F. Zhang , L. Zhang , W. C. Zhang , Y. Zhang , A. Zhelezov , A. Zhokhov , L. Zhong , A. Zvyagin

I discuss mechanisms of heavy quark production in (real) photon-nucleon and (real) photon - (real) photon collisions. In particular, I focuse on application of the Saturation Model. In addition to the main dipole-nucleon or dipole-dipole…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-25 A. Szczurek

This paper addresses the issue of production of charm or bottom quarks in association with a high pT process in hadron hadron collision. These quarks can be produced either as part of the hard scattering process or as a remnant from the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-03 B. P. Kersevan I. Hinchliffe

We present a phenomenological study of charm quark photoproduction in longitudinally polarized lepton-hadron collisions at next-to-leading order accuracy of QCD. Our results are based on a recently developed, flexible parton-level Monte…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-12 Johann Riedl , Marco Stratmann , Andreas Schafer

In the hadroproduction of charm (or heavy flavours in general) in the context of string fragmentation, the pull of a beam remnant at the other end of a string may give a charm hadron more energy than the perturbatively produced one. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Norrbin

Heavy quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) in heavy-ion collisions are initially produced out of kinetic equilibrium via hard partonic scattering processes. However, recent measurements of anisotropic flow of charmed hadrons pose the question…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-19 Federica Capellino , Andrea Dubla , Stefan Floerchinger , Eduardo Grossi , Andreas Kirchner , Silvia Masciocchi

In this review we give a perspective of the theoretical work done recently on the interpretation of results from $B$, $D$, $\Lambda_b$, $\Lambda_c$ weak decays into final states that contain interacting hadrons, and how it is possible to…

Observations by the PHENIX and STAR collaborations suggest that a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma is produced in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). After a brief introduction to heavy-ion physics,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-06-15 A. G. Knospe

The study of heavy-flavor hadrons is topical in the era of precision measurements, which is useful to test theories based on pQCD. The heavy-flavor hadrons are produced initially during heavy-ion or hadronic collisions and are one of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-26 Raghunath Sahoo , Kangkan Goswami , Suraj Prasad