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The problem of high-quality drought forecasting up to a year in advance is critical for agriculture planning and insurance. Yet, it is still unsolved with reasonable accuracy due to data complexity and aridity stochasticity. We tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Alexander Marusov , Vsevolod Grabar , Yury Maximov , Nazar Sotiriadi , Alexander Bulkin , Alexey Zaytsev

In order to predict future performance of subsurface fluid reservoirs under possible operating scenarios, a dynamic, porous-medium flow simulation model must be tuned to include representative properties of the reservoir. Estimating…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Zhen Zhang , Xuebin Zhao , Andrew Curtis

We develop a Bayesian framework for variable selection in linear regression with autocorrelated errors, accommodating lagged covariates and autoregressive structures. This setting occurs in time series applications where responses depend on…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-18 Alokesh Manna , Sujit K. Ghosh

Time series in natural sciences, such as hydrology and climatology, and other environmental applications, often consist of continuous observations constrained to the unit interval (0,1). Traditional Gaussian-based models fail to capture…

We propose a deterministic sampling framework using Score-Based Transport Modeling for sampling an unnormalized target density $\pi$ given only its score $\nabla \log \pi$. Our method approximates the Wasserstein gradient flow on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Vasily Ilin , Peter Sushko , Jingwei Hu

Precipitation data collected at sub-hourly resolution represents specific challenges for missing data recovery by being largely stochastic in nature and highly unbalanced in the duration of rain vs non-rain. Here we present a two-step…

Modelling of precipitation and its extremes is important for urban and agriculture planning purposes. We present a method for producing spatial predictions and measures of uncertainty for spatio-temporal data that is heavy-tailed and…

Applications · Statistics 2014-11-19 Yang Liu , Philip Kokic

Accurately tracking the global distribution and evolution of precipitation is essential for both research and operational meteorology. Satellite observations remain the only means of achieving consistent, global-scale precipitation…

Current state-of-the-art residential irrigation systems, such as WaterMyYard, rely on rainfall data from nearby weather stations to adjust irrigation amounts. However, the accuracy of rainfall data is compromised by the limited spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Tian Liu , Liuyi Jin , Radu Stoleru , Amran Haroon , Charles Swanson , Kexin Feng

High-resolution rainfall estimates from satellite and reanalysis sources (SRE) could play a major role in improving climate services for agriculture. This is particularly relevant in regions that rely on rain-fed farming but lack a dense…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Danny Parsons , David Stern , Denis Ndanguza , Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla , James Musyoka , John Bagiliko , Graham Clarkson , Peter Dorward

In the present paper we demonstrate the results of a statistical analysis of some characteristics of precipitation events and propose a kind of a theoretical explanation of the proposed models in terms of mixed Poisson and mixed exponential…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-28 V. Yu. Korolev , A. K. Gorshenin , S. K. Gulev , K. P. Belyaev , A. A. Grusho

Floods are highly uncertain events, occurring in different regions, with varying prerequisites and intensities. A highly reliable flood disaster risk map can help reduce the impact of floods for flood management, disaster decreasing, and…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-06 Hongping Zhang , Zhenfeng Shao , Jinqi Zhao , Xiao Huang , Jie Yang , Bin Hu , Wenfu Wu

The sensor placement problem is a common problem that arises when monitoring correlated phenomena, such as temperature, precipitation, and salinity. Existing approaches to this problem typically formulate it as the maximization of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Kalvik Jakkala , Srinivas Akella

Kriging is an established methodology for predicting spatial data in geostatistics. Current kriging techniques can handle linear dependencies on spatially referenced covariates. Although splines have shown promise in capturing nonlinear…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Bryan Sumalinab , Oswaldo Gressani , Niel Hens , Christel Faes

Climate change is intensifying rainfall extremes, making high-resolution precipitation projections crucial for society to better prepare for impacts such as flooding. However, current Global Climate Models (GCMs) operate at spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ran Lyu , Linhan Wang , Yanshen Sun , Hedanqiu Bai , Chang-Tien Lu

Modeling a precipitation field is challenging due to its intermittent and highly scale-dependent nature. Motivated by the features of high-frequency precipitation data from a network of rain gauges, we propose a threshold space-time $t$…

Applications · Statistics 2016-02-10 Ying Sun , Michael L. Stein

Data assimilation (DA) plays a pivotal role in numerical weather prediction by systematically integrating sparse observations with model forecasts to estimate optimal atmospheric initial condition for forthcoming forecasts. Traditional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Jing-An Sun , Hang Fan , Junchao Gong , Ben Fei , Kun Chen , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Wanghan Xu , Li Yan , Pierre Gentine , Lei Bai

We propose the conditional predictive impact (CPI), a consistent and unbiased estimator of the association between one or several features and a given outcome, conditional on a reduced feature set. Building on the knockoff framework of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-14 David S. Watson , Marvin N. Wright

Stochastic weather generators (SWGs) are digital twins of complex weather processes and widely used in agriculture and urban design. Due to improved measuring instruments, an accurate SWG for high-frequency precipitation is now possible.…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-12 Yuxiao Li , Ying Sun

This paper introduces a data-driven approach to estimate precipitation rates from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) at a spatial resolution of 200 meters per pixel. It addresses previous challenges related to the collocation of SAR and weather…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Aurélien Colin , Romain Husson