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The merger phase of binary black hole coalescences is a transient between an initial oscillating regime (inspiral) and a late exponentially damped phase (ringdown). In spite of the non-linear character of Einstein equations, the merger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-05 José Luis Jaramillo

The gravitational wave strain emitted by a perturbed black hole (BH) ringing down is typically modeled analytically using first-order BH perturbation theory. In this Letter we show that second-order effects are necessary for modeling…

We perform the first nonlinear and self-consistent study of the merger and ringdown of a black hole mimicking object with stable light rings. To that end, we numerically solve the full Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations governing the head-on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-23 Nils Siemonsen

The intricacies of black hole ringdown analysis are amplified by the absence of a complete set of orthogonal basis functions for quasinormal modes. Although damped sinusoids effectively fit the ringdown signals from binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-09 Hengrui Zhu , Justin L. Ripley , Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Frans Pretorius

The behavior of quasi-local black hole horizons in a binary black hole merger is studied numerically. We compute the horizon multipole moments, fluxes and other quantities on black hole horizons throughout the merger. These lead to a better…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-25 Anshu Gupta , Badri Krishnan , Alex B. Nielsen , Erik Schnetter

We present a new method to search for gravitational waves from quasinormal modes in the ringdowns of the remnants of the mergers of the binary black hole systems. The method is based on maximum likelihood estimation. We derive a time-domain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 A. Królak , O. Dorosh

Gravitational waves from coalescing binary black holes encode the evolution of their spins prior to merger. In the post-Newtonian regime and on the precession timescale, this evolution has one of three morphologies, with the spins either…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-02 Daniele Trifirò , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Davide Gerosa , Emanuele Berti , Michael Kesden , Tyson Littenberg , Ulrich Sperhake

The properties of precessing, coalescing binary black holes are presently inferred through comparison with two approximate models of compact binary coalescence. In this work we show these two models often disagree substantially when…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-03 A. R. Williamson , J. Lange , R. O'Shaughnessy , J. A. Clark , P. Kumar , J. Calderón Bustillo , J. Veitch

Within linearized perturbation theory, black holes decay to their final stationary state through the well-known spectrum of quasinormal modes. Here we numerically study whether nonlinearities change this picture. For that purpose we study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-09 Enrique Pazos , David Brizuela , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Manuel Tiglio

The characteristic oscillations of black holes, as described by their quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum, play a fundamental role in testing general relativity with gravitational waves. The so-called parametrized QNM framework was introduced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-13 Spyros Thomopoulos , Sebastian H. Völkel , Harald P. Pfeiffer

Perturbed Kerr black holes emit gravitational radiation, which (for the practical purposes of gravitational-wave astronomy) consists of a superposition of damped sinusoids termed quasi-normal modes. The frequencies and time-constants of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , Sascha Husa , B. S. Sathyaprakash

In the last decade, the ringdown community has made large strides in understanding the aftermath of binary black hole mergers through the study of numerical simulations. In this note, we introduce two flavors of fitting algorithms, that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-06 Lorena Magaña Zertuche , Leda Gao , Eliot Finch , Gregory B. Cook

The ringdown of a perturbed black hole consists of a superposition of quasi-normal modes (QNMs), with complex frequencies determined by the black hole's mass and spin, while phases and amplitudes depend on binary parameters. Traditional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Koustav Chandra , Juan Calderón Bustillo

In a binary merger with a small mass ratio, as the secondary body approaches the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of the primary black hole, the motion transitions from the adiabatic inspiral to the plunge governed by the geodesic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-13 Daiki Watarai

Primordial black hole (PBH) binaries experience strong gravitational perturbations in the case of their initial clustering, which significantly affects the dynamics of their mergers. In this work, we develop a new formalism to account for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Viktor Stasenko

The detection of quadratic quasi-normal modes would provide a direct probe into black hole nonlinear perturbations. We report the first observational evidence of a set of quadratic quasi-normal modes in the gravitational-wave ringdown of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-12 Yi-Fan Wang , Sizheng Ma , Neev Khera , Huan Yang

The dynamics of precessing binary black holes (BBHs) in the post-Newtonian regime has a strong timescale hierarchy: the orbital timescale is very short compared to the spin-precession timescale which, in turn, is much shorter than the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-16 Davide Gerosa , Michael Kesden , Ulrich Sperhake , Emanuele Berti , Richard O'Shaughnessy

We adapt a method of matching post-Newtonian and black-hole-perturbation theories on a timelike surface (which proved useful for understanding head-on black-hole-binary collisions) to treat equal-mass, inspiralling black-hole binaries. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-22 David A. Nichols , Yanbei Chen

The quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes is unstable against small modifications of the radial potential describing massless perturbations. We study how these small modifications affect the convergence of the quasinormal mode expansion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Naritaka Oshita , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso

Gravitational waves emitted in the aftermath of a black hole binary coalescence have characteristic complex frequencies called quasinormal modes (QNMs). These can be used to test the nature of the merger remnant, e.g. a test of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-09 Arnab Dhani , B. S. Sathyaprakash
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