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In mathematical proof education, there remains a need for interventions that help students learn to write mathematical proofs. Research has shown that timely feedback can be very helpful to students learning new skills. While for many years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chenyan Zhao , Mariana Silva , Seth Poulsen

Automated feedback generation for introductory programming assignments is useful for programming education. Most works try to generate feedback to correct a student program by comparing its behavior with an instructor's reference program on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Umair Z. Ahmed , Zhiyu Fan , Jooyong Yi , Omar I. Al-Bataineh , Abhik Roychoudhury

We describe a method of automatic feedback provision for students learning programming and computational methods in Python. We have implemented, used and refined this system since 2009 for growing student numbers, and summarise the design…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-09-14 Hans Fangohr , Neil O'Brien , Anil Prabhakar , Arti Kashyap

The prevalence of online platforms and studies has generated the demand for automated grading tools, and as a result, there are plenty in the market. Such tools are developed to grade coding assignments quickly, accurately, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Aditi Agrawal , Benjamin Reed

This study explores the classroom implementation of an AI-powered grading platform in K-12 settings through a co-design pilot with 19 teachers. We combine platform usage logs, surveys, and qualitative interviews to examine how teachers use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zewei Tian , Alex Liu , Lief Esbenshade , Shawon Sarkar , Zachary Zhang , Kevin He , Min Sun

Since the advent of GPT-3.5 in 2022, Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous potential in STEM education, particularly in providing real-time, customized feedback to students in large-enrollment courses. A crucial skill…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-09-11 Amogh Sirnoorkar , N. Sanjay Rebello

Immediate feedback has been shown to improve student learning. In programming courses, immediate, automated feedback is typically provided in the form of pre-defined test cases run by a submission platform. While these are excellent for…

We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-11-19 Rishabh Singh , Sumit Gulwani , Armando Solar-Lezama

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming more and more popular as time passes, allowing to perform tasks that were difficult to do in the past. From predictions to customization, AI is being used in many areas, not being educational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-16 David Roldán-Álvarez

Timely formative feedback is considered as one of the most important drivers for effective learning. Delivering timely and individualized feedback is particularly challenging in large classes in higher education. Recently Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Imen Azaiz , Oliver Deckarm , Sven Strickroth

The rapid growth of programming education has outpaced traditional assessment tools, leaving faculty with limited means to provide meaningful, scalable feedback. Conventional autograders, while efficient, act as black-box systems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Vikrant Sahu , Gagan Raj Gupta , Raghav Borikar , Nitin Mane

Providing rich, constructive feedback to students is essential for supporting and enhancing their learning. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly with large language models (LLMs), present new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Euan D Lindsay , Mike Zhang , Aditya Johri , Johannes Bjerva

This study investigates the use of generative AI and multi-agent systems to provide automatic feedback in educational contexts, particularly for student constructed responses in science assessments. The research addresses a key gap in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Shuchen Guo , Ehsan Latif , Yifan Zhou , Xuan Huang , Xiaoming Zhai

Timely and high-quality feedback is essential for effective learning in programming courses; yet, providing such support at scale remains a challenge. While AI-based systems offer scalable and immediate help, their responses can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tung Phung , Heeryung Choi , Mengyan Wu , Christopher Brooks , Sumit Gulwani , Adish Singla

Providing timely, targeted, and multimodal feedback helps students quickly correct errors, build deep understanding and stay motivated, yet making it at scale remains a challenge. This study introduces a real-time AI-facilitated multimodal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chloe Qianhui Zhao , Jie Cao , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Grading is a time-consuming and laborious task that educators must face. It is an important task since it provides feedback signals to learners, and it has been demonstrated that timely feedback improves the learning process. In recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Germán Capdehourat , Isabel Amigo , Brian Lorenzo , Joaquín Trigo

Automatically graded programming assignments provide instant feedback to students and significantly reduce manual grading time for instructors. However, creating comprehensive suites of test cases for programming problems within automatic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Umar Alkafaween , Ibrahim Albluwi , Paul Denny

Computer aided formative assessment can be used to enhance a learning process, for instance by providing feedback. There are many design choices for delivering feedback, that lead to a feedback strategy. In an informative feedback strategy,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Gerben van der Hoek , Bastiaan Heeren , Rogier Bos , Paul Drijvers , Johan Jeuring

Students in introductory physics courses often rely on ineffective strategies, focusing on final answers rather than understanding underlying principles. Integrating scientific argumentation into problem-solving fosters critical thinking…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Winter Allen , Anand Shanker , N. Sanjay Rebello

When working on intelligent tutor systems designed for mathematics education and its specificities, an interesting objective is to provide relevant help to the students by anticipating their next steps. This can only be done by knowing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Ludovic Font , Sébastien Cyr , Philippe R. Richard , Michel Gagnon