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Current trends in pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focus on the scaling of model and dataset size. While the quality of pre-training data is considered an important factor for training powerful LLMs, it remains a nebulous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Brando Miranda , Alycia Lee , Sudharsan Sundar , Allison Casasola , Rylan Schaeffer , Elyas Obbad , Sanmi Koyejo

The composition of pre-training datasets for large language models (LLMs) remains largely undisclosed, hindering transparency and efforts to optimize data quality, a critical driver of model performance. Current data selection methods, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xinlin Zhuang , Jiahui Peng , Ren Ma , Yinfan Wang , Tianyi Bai , Xingjian Wei , Jiantao Qiu , Chi Zhang , Ying Qian , Conghui He

A fine-grained data recipe is crucial for pre-training large language models, as it can significantly enhance training efficiency and model performance. One important ingredient in the recipe is to select samples based on scores produced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ziqing Fan , Yuqiao Xian , Yan Sun , Li Shen

Large language models (LLMs) rely on pretraining on massive and heterogeneous corpora, where training data composition has a decisive impact on training efficiency and downstream generalization under realistic compute and data budget…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhuo Chen , Yuxuan Miao , Supryadi , Deyi Xiong

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation and program comprehension, accelerating the evolution of software engineering. Current methods primarily enhance model performance by leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Weijie Lyu , Sheng-Jun Huang , Xuan Xia

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accentuated the need for diverse, high-quality pre-training data. Synthetic data emerges as a viable solution to the challenges of data scarcity and inaccessibility. While previous literature has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Hao Chen , Abdul Waheed , Xiang Li , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Marah I. Abdin

Optimizing data mixtures is essential for unlocking the full potential of large language models (LLMs), yet identifying the optimal composition remains computationally prohibitive due to reliance on heuristic trials or expensive proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiapeng Wang , Changxin Tian , Kunlong Chen , Ziqi Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Large-scale models are pretrained on massive web-crawled datasets containing documents of mixed quality, making data filtering essential. A popular method is Classifier-based Quality Filtering (CQF), which trains a binary classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Thiziri Nait Saada , Louis Bethune , Michal Klein , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , Pierre Ablin

Recent works have shown that by curating high quality and diverse instruction tuning datasets, we can significantly improve instruction-following capabilities. However, creating such datasets is difficult and most works rely on manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alexander Bukharin , Shiyang Li , Zhengyang Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Bing Yin , Xian Li , Chao Zhang , Tuo Zhao , Haoming Jiang

Existing pretraining data mixing methods for large language models (LLMs) typically follow a domain-wise methodology, a top-down process that first determines domain weights and then performs uniform data sampling across each domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xiangyu Xi , Deyang Kong , Jian Yang , Jiawei Yang , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, primarily attributed to the utilization of diversely sourced data. However, the impact of pretraining data composition on model performance remains poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ce Ge , Zhijian Ma , Daoyuan Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

Training large language models (LLMs) for external tool usage is a rapidly expanding field, with recent research focusing on generating synthetic data to address the shortage of available data. However, the absence of systematic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Shadi Iskander , Nachshon Cohen , Zohar Karnin , Ori Shapira , Sofia Tolmach

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, with pre-training stage serving as the cornerstone of their capabilities. However, the conventional fixed-length data composition strategy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Qing Yang , Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu , Kai Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Synthetic data generation with Large Language Models is a promising paradigm for augmenting natural data over a nearly infinite range of tasks. Given this variety, direct comparisons among synthetic data generation algorithms are scarce,…

The training of large language models (LLMs) is expensive. In this paper, we study data-efficient approaches for pre-training LLMs, i.e., techniques that aim to optimize the Pareto frontier of model quality and training resource/data…

Increasing the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) usually improves performance in downstream tasks but raises compute and memory costs, making deployment difficult in resource-limited settings. Quantization techniques,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Renren Jin , Jiangcun Du , Wuwei Huang , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Deyi Xiong

Selecting high-quality data can improve the pretraining efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods generally rely on heuristic techniques or single quality signals, limiting their ability to evaluate data quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Liangyu Xu , Xuemiao Zhang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

While large-scale training data is fundamental for developing capable large language models (LLMs), strategically selecting high-quality data has emerged as a critical approach to enhance training efficiency and reduce computational costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yang Yu , Kai Han , Hang Zhou , Yehui Tang , Kaiqi Huang , Yunhe Wang , Dacheng Tao

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using diverse datasets is crucial for enhancing their overall performance across various domains. In practical scenarios, existing methods based on modeling the mixture proportions of data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhenqing Ling , Daoyuan Chen , Liuyi Yao , Qianli Shen , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Large Language Models improve with increasing amounts of high-quality training data. However, leveraging larger datasets requires balancing quality, quantity, and diversity across sources. After evaluating nine baseline methods under both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 William Held , Bhargavi Paranjape , Punit Singh Koura , Mike Lewis , Frank Zhang , Todor Mihaylov
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