Related papers: Trends in AI Supercomputers
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are the state-of-the-art architecture for essential tasks, ranging from rendering 2D/3D graphics to accelerating workloads in supercomputing centers and, of course, Artificial Intelligence (AI). As GPUs…
With the growing attention and investment in recent AI approaches such as large language models, the narrative that the larger the AI system the more valuable, powerful and interesting it is is increasingly seen as common sense. But what is…
Are Capture-the-Flag competitions obsolete? In 2025, Cybersecurity AI (CAI) systematically conquered some of the world's most prestigious hacking competitions, achieving Rank #1 at multiple events and consistently outperforming thousands of…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques continue to broaden across governmental and public sectors, such as power and energy - which serve as critical infrastructures for most societal operations. However, due to the requirements of…
Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly pushing the limits of contemporary computing hardware. For example, training GPT-3 has been estimated to consume around 1300 MWh of electricity, and projections suggest future models may require…
The artificial intelligence industry is not an isolated economic phenomenon; it is the current physical substrate for a broader, multi-billion-year process: the evolution of an abstract intelligence on Earth. As the scale of computation…
AI companies and governments are increasingly concerned about frontier AI systems enabling cybercrime, yet defining meaningful capability thresholds requires knowing the scale of cybercrime today. Current estimates of global cybercrime…
Leadership in the field of AI is vital for our nation's economy and security. Maintaining this leadership requires investments by the federal government. The federal investment in foundation AI research is essential for U.S. leadership in…
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems of autonomous systems such as drones, robots and self-driving cars may consume up to 50% of total power available onboard, thereby limiting the vehicle's range of functions and considerably reducing the…
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised concerns regarding its global environmental impact that extends beyond greenhouse gas emissions to include consideration of hardware…
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) technology with large models plays an increasingly important role in both academia and industry. It also brings a rapidly increasing demand for the computing power of the hardware. As the computing…
This study investigates the shifting global dynamics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research by analysing the trajectories of countries dominating AI publications between 2000 and 2025. Drawing on the comprehensive OpenAlex datasets and…
The rise of foundation models has driven the emergence of AI supply chains, where upstream foundation model providers offer fine-tuning and inference services to downstream firms developing domain-specific applications. Downstream firms pay…
As AI-driven computing infrastructures rapidly scale, discussions around data center design often emphasize energy consumption, water and electricity usage, workload scheduling, and thermal management. However, these perspectives often…
Firms are deploying more capable AI systems, but organizational controls often have not kept pace. These systems can generate greater productivity gains, but high-value uses require broader authority exposure -- data access, workflow…
Computing power, or "compute," is crucial for the development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. As a result, governments and companies have started to leverage compute as a means to govern AI. For example,…
For current High Performance Computing systems to scale towards the holy grail of ExaFLOP performance, their power consumption has to be reduced by at least one order of magnitude. This goal can be achieved only through a combination of…
Decades of research in artificial intelligence (AI) have produced formidable technologies that are providing immense benefit to industry, government, and society. AI systems can now translate across multiple languages, identify objects in…
Compute governance can underpin international institutions for the governance of frontier AI. To demonstrate this I explore four institutions for governing and developing frontier AI. Next steps for compute-indexed domestic frontier AI…
The rapidly increasing demands for computational throughput, bandwidth, and memory capacity fueled by breakthroughs in machine learning pose substantial challenges for conventional electronic computing platforms. For digital scaling to keep…