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Related papers: Trends in AI Supercomputers

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The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has taken a tight hold on broad aspects of society, industry, business, and governance in ways that dictate the prosperity and might of the world's economies. The AI market size is projected to grow…

As computational demands continue to rise, assessing the environmental footprint of AI requires moving beyond energy and water consumption to include the material demands of specialized hardware. This study quantifies the material footprint…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Sophia Falk , Nicholas Kluge Corrêa , Sasha Luccioni , Lisa Biber-Freudenberger , Aimee van Wynsberghe

The evolution of floating-point computation has been shaped by algorithmic advancements, architectural innovations, and the increasing computational demands of modern technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-23 Jack Dongarra , John Gunnels , Harun Bayraktar , Azzam Haidar , Dan Ernst

We examine the computational energy requirements of different systems driven by the geometrical scaling law, and increasing use of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning (AI-ML) over the last decade. With more scientific and technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sadasivan Shankar , Albert Reuther

The electric power supply for AI data centers is now the most significant bottleneck in the race toward Artificial General Intelligence, surpassing even the constraint of AI accelerator availability. To our knowledge, this paper is the…

If AI is a foundational general-purpose technology, we should anticipate that demand for AI compute -- and energy -- will continue to grow. The Sun is by far the largest energy source in our solar system, and thus it warrants consideration…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Blaise Agüera y Arcas , Travis Beals , Maria Biggs , Jessica V. Bloom , Thomas Fischbacher , Konstantin Gromov , Urs Köster , Rishiraj Pravahan , James Manyika

Artificial intelligence (AI) research today is largely driven by ever-larger neural network models trained on graphics processing units (GPUs). This paradigm has yielded remarkable progress, but it also risks entrenching a hardware lottery…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone , Bashir M. Al-Hashimi

The most advanced future AI systems will first be deployed inside the frontier AI companies developing them. According to these companies and independent experts, AI systems may reach or even surpass human intelligence and capabilities by…

The impact of frontier AI (i.e., AI agents and foundation models) in cybersecurity is rapidly increasing. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze this trend through multiple aspects: quantitative benchmarks, qualitative literature review,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujin Potter , Wenbo Guo , Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Hongwei Li , Andy Zhang , Patrick Gage Kelley , Kurt Thomas , Dawn Song

Artificial intelligence (AI) is fueling exponential electricity demand growth, threatening grid reliability, raising prices for communities paying for new energy infrastructure, and stunting AI innovation as data centers wait for…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a futuristic concept reserved for large corporations to a present-day, accessible, and essential growth lever for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). For entrepreneurs and business…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Oluwatosin Agbaakin

Three factors drive the advance of AI: algorithmic innovation, data, and the amount of compute available for training. Algorithmic progress has traditionally been more difficult to quantify than compute and data. In this work, we argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Danny Hernandez , Tom B. Brown

With the advent of the Exascale capability allowing supercomputers to perform at least $10^{18}$ IEEE 754 Double Precision (64 bits) operations per second, many concerns have been raised regarding the energy consumption of high-performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Tobias Fischbach , Emmanuel Kieffer , Pascal Bouvry

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly significant role in our everyday lives. This trend is expected to continue, especially with recent pushes to move more AI to the edge. However, one of the biggest challenges associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Cory Merkel

The strategic importance of artificial intelligence is driving a global push toward Sovereign AI initiatives. Nationwide governments are increasingly developing dedicated infrastructures, called AI Factories (AIF), to achieve technological…

The "AI for Science, Energy, and Security" report from DOE outlines a significant focus on developing and optimizing artificial intelligence workflows for a foundational impact on a broad range of DOE missions. With the pervasive usage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jae-Won Chung , Nishil Talati , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Deep learning has become widely used in complex AI applications. Yet, training a deep neural network (DNNs) model requires a considerable amount of calculations, long running time, and much energy. Nowadays, many-core AI accelerators (e.g.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yuxin Wang , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xin He , Zhenheng Tang , Kaiyong Zhao , Xiaowen Chu

We like and need Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for data processing. This is measureable in the exponential growth of data processed by ICT, e.g. ICT for cryptocurrency mining and search engines. So far, the energy demand…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Heidemarie Schmidt

The rapid growth of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced unprecedented computational demands, driving significant increases in the energy footprint of data centers. However, existing power consumption data is largely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Roberto Vercellino , Jared Willard , Gustavo Campos , Weslley da Silva Pereira , Olivia Hull , Matthew Selensky , Juliane Mueller

The accelerating development and deployment of AI technologies depend on the continued ability to scale their infrastructure. This has implied increasing amounts of monetary investment and natural resources. Frontier AI applications have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Eshta Bhardwaj , Rohan Alexander , Christoph Becker