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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of an interpretable and semiautomatic approach to stage grading ocular pathologies such as Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, and other retinopathies on the backdrop of major…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Ayushi Raj Bhatt , Rajkumar Vaghashiya , Meghna Kulkarni , Dr Prakash Kamaraj

Retinal imaging has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive modality for detecting and quantifying biomarkers of systemic diseases-ranging from diabetes and hypertension to Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disorders but current insights…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Tariq M Khan , Toufique Ahmed Soomro , Imran Razzak

Existing multi-modal learning methods on fundus and OCT images mostly require both modalities to be available and strictly paired for training and testing, which appears less practical in clinical scenarios. To expand the scope of clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lehan Wang , Chongchong Qi , Chubin Ou , Lin An , Mei Jin , Xiangbin Kong , Xiaomeng Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate significant potential in the field of medical diagnosis. However, they face critical challenges in specialized domains such as ophthalmology, particularly the fragmentation of annotation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Xinyao Liu , Diping Song

Fundus images are widely used for diagnosing various eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. However, manual analysis of fundus images is time-consuming and prone to errors. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Eric Shah , Jay Patel , Mr. Vishal Katheriya , Parth Pataliya

Machine learning is gaining significant attention as a diagnostic tool in medical imaging, particularly in the analysis of retinal fundus images. However, this approach is not yet clinically applicable, as it still depends on human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mattea Reid , Zuhairah Zainal , Khaing Zin Than , Danielle Chan , Jonathan Chan

Glaucoma causes irreversible vision loss due to damage to the optic nerve, and there is no cure for glaucoma.OCT imaging modality is an essential technique for assessing glaucomatous damage since it aids in quantifying fundus structures. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Huihui Fang , Fei Li , Huazhu Fu , Junde Wu , Xiulan Zhang , Yanwu Xu

In ophthalmology, early fundus screening is an economic and effective way to prevent blindness caused by ophthalmic diseases. Clinically, due to the lack of medical resources, manual diagnosis is time-consuming and may delay the condition.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Ning Li , Tao Li , Chunyu Hu , Kai Wang , Hong Kang

Purpose To develop a computer based method for the automated assessment of image quality in the context of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to guide the photographer. Methods A deep learning framework was trained to grade the images automatically.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Sajib Kumar Saha , Basura Fernando , Jorge Cuadros , Di Xiao , Yogesan Kanagasingam

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across various medical applications. Building on this foundation, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate LLMs with visual models to process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiaoyi Liang , Mouxiao Bian , Moxin Chen , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Jie Xu , Lin Li

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized retinal disease diagnosis with its high-resolution and three-dimensional imaging nature, yet its full diagnostic automation in clinical practices remains constrained by multi-stage…

In this work, we propose an advanced AI based grading system for OCT images. The proposed system is a very deep fully convolutional attentive classification network trained with end to end advanced transfer learning with online random…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Mrinal Haloi

Our research is motivated by the urgent global issue of a large population affected by retinal diseases, which are evenly distributed but underserved by specialized medical expertise, particularly in non-urban areas. Our primary objective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Deependra Singh , Saksham Agarwal , Subhankar Mishra

Reliable detection of retinal diseases from fundus images is challenged by the variability in imaging quality, subtle early-stage manifestations, and domain shift across datasets. In this study, we systematically evaluated a Vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jan Benedikt Ruhland , Thorsten Papenbrock , Jan-Peter Sowa , Ali Canbay , Nicole Eter , Bernd Freisleben , Dominik Heider

Myopia, projected to affect 50% population globally by 2050, is a leading cause of vision loss. Eyes with pathological myopia exhibit distinctive shape distributions, which are closely linked to the progression of vision-threatening…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-20 Danli Shi , Bowen Liu , Zhen Tian , Yue Wu , Jiancheng Yang , Ruoyu Chen , Bo Yang , Ou Xiao , Mingguang He

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its reliance on subjective evaluation. However, recent advances in computer vision and deep learning have demonstrated the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-01 Mona Ashtari-Majlan , Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi , David Masip

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible but preventable blindness in working age populations. Color fundus photography (CFP) is the most cost-effective imaging modality to screen for retinal disorders. However, its application…

The increasing prevalence of retinal diseases poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system, as the demand for ophthalmologists surpasses the available workforce. This imbalance creates a bottleneck in diagnosis and treatment,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-15 Jia-Hong Huang

Differences in image quality, lighting conditions, and patient demographics pose challenges to automated glaucoma detection from color fundus photography. Brighteye, a method based on Vision Transformer, is proposed for glaucoma detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Hui Lin , Charilaos Apostolidis , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

This paper presents dilated Residual Network (ResNet) models for disease classification from retinal fundus images. Dilated convolution filters are used to replace normal convolution filters in the higher layers of the ResNet model (dilated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 P. N. Karthikayan , Yoga Sri Varshan , Hitesh Gupta Kattamuri , Umarani Jayaraman