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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to convert natural language descriptions into mathematical optimization formulations. Current evaluations often treat formulations as a whole, relying on coarse metrics like solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dania Refai , Moataz Ahmed

This paper investigates whether large language models (LLMs) can improve cross-sectional momentum strategies by extracting predictive signals from firm-specific news. We combine daily U.S. equity returns for S&P 500 constituents with…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-31 Nikolas Anic , Andrea Barbon , Ralf Seiz , Carlo Zarattini

Future wireless networks are expected to incorporate diverse services that often lack general mathematical models. To address such black-box network management tasks, the large language model (LLM) optimizer framework, which leverages…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Hoon Lee , Wentao Zhou , Merouane Debbah , Inkyu Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are evolving into autonomous trading agents, yet existing benchmarks often overlook the interplay between architectural reasoning and strategy consistency. We propose Strat-LLM, a framework grounded in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wenliang Huang , Zengyi Yu

Optimizing instructions for large language models (LLMs) is critical for harnessing their full potential in complex and diverse tasks. However, relying solely on white-box approaches demands extensive computational resources and offers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yanwei Ren , Liu Liu , Baosheng Yu , Jiayan Qiu , Quan Chen

This study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning framework that integrates a Large Language Model (LLM) with a Transformer architecture for stock price forecasting. The research addresses a critical theoretical gap in existing approaches…

We present a novel approach for attacking black-box large language models (LLMs) by exploiting their ability to express confidence in natural language. Existing black-box attacks require either access to continuous model outputs like logits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Meng Ding , Yang Liu , Jue Hong , Florian Tramèr

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance not only in natural language processing tasks but also in a great variety of non-linguistic domains. In diverse optimization scenarios, there is also a rising trend of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Beichen Huang , Xingyu Wu , Yu Zhou , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in quantitative finance for stock price forecasting. This review synthesizes recent applications of LLMs in this domain, including extracting sentiment from financial news and social…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-08 Olivia Zhang , Zhilin Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained on web-scale datasets have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on downstream tasks when fine-tuned with minimal data. However, many VLMs rely on proprietary data and are not open-source, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Shihong Liu , Zhiqiu Lin , Samuel Yu , Ryan Lee , Tiffany Ling , Deepak Pathak , Deva Ramanan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform financial analytics by integrating numerical and textual data. However, challenges such as insufficient context when fusing multimodal information and the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-14 Hoyoung Lee , Youngsoo Choi , Yuhee Kwon

Accurate load forecasting is crucial for maintaining the power balance between generators and consumers,particularly with the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, which introduce significant intermittent volatility. With the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Mingyang Gao , Suyang Zhou , Wei Gu , Zhi Wu , Haiquan Liu , Aihua Zhou

Investment Analysis is a cornerstone of the Financial Services industry. The rapid integration of advanced machine learning techniques, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), offers opportunities to enhance the equity rating process.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kassiani Papasotiriou , Srijan Sood , Shayleen Reynolds , Tucker Balch

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance in semantic understanding and generation, yet accurately assessing their output reliability remains a significant challenge. While numerous studies have explored calibration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Liangru Xie , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Xianfeng Tang , Yan Han , Chen Luo , Jing Huang , Zhen Li , Suhang Wang , Qi He

This paper investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) from leading providers (OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, DeepSeek, and xAI) can be applied to quantitative sector-based portfolio construction. We use LLMs to identify investable universes…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-01 Alina Voronina , Oleksandr Romanko , Ruiwen Cao , Roy H. Kwon , Rafael Mendoza-Arriaga

The rapid emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has precipitated a profound paradigm shift in Artificial Intelligence, delivering monumental engineering successes that increasingly impact modern society. However, a critical paradox…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zeyu Gan , Ruifeng Ren , Wei Yao , Xiaolin Hu , Gengze Xu , Chen Qian , Huayi Tang , Zixuan Gong , Xinhao Yao , Pengwei Tang , Zhenxing Dou , Yong Liu

Algorithmic trading requires short-term tactical decisions consistent with long-term financial objectives. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been applied to such problems, but adoption is limited by myopic behaviour and opaque policies. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Adam Darmanin , Vince Vella

Accurate stock market predictions following earnings reports are crucial for investors. Traditional methods, particularly classical machine learning models, struggle with these predictions because they cannot effectively process and…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-13 Haowei Ni , Shuchen Meng , Xupeng Chen , Ziqing Zhao , Andi Chen , Panfeng Li , Shiyao Zhang , Qifu Yin , Yuanqing Wang , Yuxi Chan

Can large language models (LLMs) generate continuous numerical features that improve reinforcement learning (RL) trading agents? We build a modular pipeline where a frozen LLM serves as a stateless feature extractor, transforming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhengzhe Yang

\begin{abstract} In this paper, we integrated the statistical arbitrage strategy, pairs trading, into the Black-Litterman model and constructed efficient mean-variance portfolios. Typically, pairs trading underperforms under volatile or…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-12 Qiqin Zhou