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Most existing video anomaly detectors rely solely on RGB frames, which lack the temporal resolution needed to capture abrupt or transient motion cues, key indicators of anomalous events. To address this limitation, we propose Image-Event…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Sungheon Jeong , Jihong Park , Mohsen Imani

Semi-supervised video anomaly detection (VAD) is a critical task in the intelligent surveillance system. However, an essential type of anomaly in VAD named scene-dependent anomaly has not received the attention of researchers. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Congqi Cao , Yue Lu , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

The development of unsupervised Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) relies on technologies in the field of signal processing. Since the anomaly is quite ambiguous and unbounded, different detection demands may often be raised even in one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kai Cheng , Xinzhe Li , Lijuan Che

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD), which aims to detect anomalies that deviate from expectation, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Existing advancements in VAD primarily focus on model architectures and training strategies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zihao Liu , Xiaoyu Wu , Wenna Li , Linlin Yang , Shengjin Wang

Anomaly detection and localization in visual data, including images and videos, are crucial in machine learning and real-world applications. Despite rapid advancements in visual anomaly detection (VAD), interpreting these often black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yizhou Wang , Dongliang Guo , Sheng Li , Octavia Camps , Yun Fu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has emerged as a pivotal task in computer vision, with broad relevance across multiple fields. Recent advances in deep learning have driven significant progress in this area, yet the field remains fragmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to automatically analyze spatiotemporal patterns in surveillance videos collected from open spaces to detect anomalous events that may cause harm, such as fighting, stealing, and car accidents. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yang Liu , Siao Liu , Xiaoguang Zhu , Jielin Li , Hao Yang , Liangyu Teng , Juncen Guo , Yan Wang , Dingkang Yang , Jing Liu

In weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WVAD), where only video-level labels indicating the presence or absence of abnormal events are available, the primary challenge arises from the inherent ambiguity in temporal annotations of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yixuan Zhou , Yi Qu , Xing Xu , Fumin Shen , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

As robotic systems execute increasingly difficult task sequences, so does the number of ways in which they can fail. Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) frameworks typically focus on singular, low-level kinematic or action failures, struggling to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Nerea Gallego , Fernando Salanova , Claudio Mannarano , Cristian Mahulea , Eduardo Montijano

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) automatically identifies anomalous events from video, mitigating the need for human operators in large-scale surveillance deployments. However, two fundamental obstacles hinder real-world adoption: domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hyogun Lee , Haksub Kim , Ig-Jae Kim , Yonghun Choi

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) finds widespread applications in security surveillance, traffic monitoring, industrial monitoring, and healthcare. Despite extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of concise reviews that provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Liyun Zhu , Lei Wang , Arjun Raj , Tom Gedeon , Chen Chen

In recent years, Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) has gained significant attention due to its ability to identify defects using only normal images during training. Many VAD models work without supervision but are still able to provide visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Arianna Stropeni , Valentina Zaccaria , Francesco Borsatti , Davide Dalle Pezze , Manuel Barusco , Gian Antonio Susto

This paper aims to address the unsupervised video anomaly detection (VAD) problem, which involves classifying each frame in a video as normal or abnormal, without any access to labels. To accomplish this, the proposed method employs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Anil Osman Tur , Nicola Dall'Asen , Cigdem Beyan , Elisa Ricci

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) identifies unusual activities in video streams, a key technology with broad applications ranging from surveillance to healthcare. Tackling VAD in real-life settings poses significant challenges due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Shanle Yao , Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

Recent efforts towards video anomaly detection (VAD) try to learn a deep autoencoder to describe normal event patterns with small reconstruction errors. The video inputs with large reconstruction errors are regarded as anomalies at the test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yuandu Lai , Yahong Han , Yaowei Wang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are markedly proficient in deriving visual representations guided by natural language. Recent explorations have utilized LVLMs to tackle zero-shot visual anomaly detection (VAD) challenges by pairing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiaqi Zhu , Shaofeng Cai , Fang Deng , Beng Chin Ooi , Junran Wu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD), aiming to identify abnormalities within a specific context and timeframe, is crucial for intelligent Video Surveillance Systems. While recent deep learning-based VAD models have shown promising results by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hao Shen , Lu Shi , Wanru Xu , Yigang Cen , Linna Zhang , Gaoyun An

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful open-set reasoners, yet their direct use as anomaly detectors in video surveillance is fragile: without calibrated anomaly priors, they alternate between missed detections and hallucinated false…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Mohamed Eltahir , Ahmed O. Ibrahim , Obada Siralkhatim , Tabarak Abdallah , Sondos Mohamed

The reliability of a machine vision system for autonomous driving depends heavily on its training data distribution. When a vehicle encounters significantly different conditions, such as atypical obstacles, its perceptual capabilities can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fabrizio Genilotti , Arianna Stropeni , Gionata Grotto , Francesco Borsatti , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) systems can autonomously monitor and identify disturbances, reducing the need for manual labor and associated costs. However, current VAD systems are often limited by their superficial semantic understanding of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiaqi Tang , Hao Lu , Ruizheng Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Ke Ma , Cheng Fang , Bin Guo , Jiangbo Lu , Qifeng Chen , Ying-Cong Chen