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Benchmarking quantum devices is a foundational task for the sustained development of quantum technologies. However, accurate in situ characterization of large-scale quantum devices remains a formidable challenge: such systems experience…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Tudor Manole , Daniel K. Mark , Wenjie Gong , Bingtian Ye , Yury Polyanskiy , Soonwon Choi

Cloud-accessible quantum processors enable direct execution of quantum algorithms on heterogeneous hardware platforms. Unlike classical systems, however, identical quantum circuits may exhibit substantially different behavior across devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Askar Oralkhan , Temirlan Zhaxalykov

Quantum error correcting codes are designed to pinpoint exactly when and where errors occur in quantum circuits. This feature is the foundation of their primary task: to support fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, this feature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 James R. Wootton

Defining metrics for near-term quantum computing processors has been an integral part of the quantum hardware research and development efforts. Such quantitative characteristics are not only useful for reporting the progress and comparing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 Yuxuan Zhang , Daoheng Niu , Alireza Shabani , Hassan Shapourian

The performance of a quantum processor depends on the characteristics of the device and the quality of the control pulses. Characterizing cloud-based quantum computers and calibrating the pulses that control them is necessary for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-20 Caroline Tornow , Naoki Kanazawa , William E. Shanks , Daniel J. Egger

Existing protocols for benchmarking current quantum co-processors fail to meet the usual standards for assessing the performance of High-Performance-Computing platforms. After a synthetic review of these protocols -- whether at the gate,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Simon Martiel , Thomas Ayral , Cyril Allouche

Concomitant with the rapid development of quantum technologies, challenging demands arise concerning the certification and characterization of devices. The promises of the field can only be achieved if stringent levels of precision of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 J. Eisert , D. Hangleiter , N. Walk , I. Roth , D. Markham , R. Parekh , U. Chabaud , E. Kashefi

Quantum computing has tremendous potential to overcome some of the fundamental limitations present in classical information processing. Yet, today's technological limitations in the quality and scaling prevent exploiting its full potential.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Leonid Abdurakhimov , Janos Adam , Hasnain Ahmad , Olli Ahonen , Manuel Algaba , Guillermo Alonso , Ville Bergholm , Rohit Beriwal , Matthias Beuerle , Clinton Bockstiegel , Alessio Calzona , Chun Fai Chan , Daniele Cucurachi , Saga Dahl , Rakhim Davletkaliyev , Olexiy Fedorets , Alejandro Gomez Frieiro , Zheming Gao , Johan Guldmyr , Andrew Guthrie , Juha Hassel , Hermanni Heimonen , Johannes Heinsoo , Tuukka Hiltunen , Keiran Holland , Juho Hotari , Hao Hsu , Antti Huhtala , Eric Hyyppä , Aleksi Hämäläinen , Joni Ikonen , Sinan Inel , David Janzso , Teemu Jaakkola , Mate Jenei , Shan Jolin , Kristinn Juliusson , Jaakko Jussila , Shabeeb Khalid , Seung-Goo Kim , Miikka Koistinen , Roope Kokkoniemi , Anton Komlev , Caspar Ockeloen-Korppi , Otto Koskinen , Janne Kotilahti , Toivo Kuisma , Vladimir Kukushkin , Kari Kumpulainen , Ilari Kuronen , Joonas Kylmälä , Niclas Lamponen , Julia Lamprich , Alessandro Landra , Martin Leib , Tianyi Li , Per Liebermann , Aleksi Lintunen , Wei Liu , Jürgen Luus , Fabian Marxer , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Kunal Mitra , Jalil Khatibi Moqadam , Jakub Mrożek , Henrikki Mäkynen , Janne Mäntylä , Tiina Naaranoja , Francesco Nappi , Janne Niemi , Lucas Ortega , Mario Palma , Miha Papič , Matti Partanen , Jari Penttilä , Alexander Plyushch , Wei Qiu , Aniket Rath , Kari Repo , Tomi Riipinen , Jussi Ritvas , Pedro Figueroa Romero , Jarkko Ruoho , Jukka Räbinä , Sampo Saarinen , Indrajeet Sagar , Hayk Sargsyan , Matthew Sarsby , Niko Savola , Mykhailo Savytskyi , Ville Selinmaa , Pavel Smirnov , Marco Marín Suárez , Linus Sundström , Sandra Słupińska , Eelis Takala , Ivan Takmakov , Brian Tarasinski , Manish Thapa , Jukka Tiainen , Francesca Tosto , Jani Tuorila , Carlos Valenzuela , David Vasey , Edwin Vehmaanperä , Antti Vepsäläinen , Aapo Vienamo , Panu Vesanen , Alpo Välimaa , Jaap Wesdorp , Nicola Wurz , Elisabeth Wybo , Lily Yang , Ali Yurtalan

Quantum computers promise to enhance machine learning for practical applications. Quantum machine learning for real-world data has to handle extensive amounts of high-dimensional data. However, conventional methods for measuring quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Tobias Haug , Chris N. Self , M. S. Kim

Certifying the performance of quantum computers requires standardized tests. We propose a simple energy estimation benchmark that is motivated from quantum chemistry. With this benchmark we statistically characterize the noisy outcome of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Andreas J. C. Woitzik , Lukas Hoffmann , Andreas Buchleitner , Edoardo G. Carnio

Quantum processors may enhance machine learning by mapping high-dimensional data onto quantum systems for processing. Conventional feature maps, for encoding data onto a quantum circuit are currently impractical, as the number of entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Utkarsh Singh , Jean-Frédéric Laprade , Aaron Z. Goldberg , Khabat Heshami

Quantum communication devices, such as quantum repeaters, quantum memories, or quantum channels, are unavoidably exposed to imperfections. However, the presence of imperfections can be tolerated, as long as we can verify such devices retain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-26 Nathan Killoran , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum information processors need to be protected against errors and faults. One of the most widely considered fault-tolerant architecture is based on surface codes. While the general principles of these codes are well understood and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-15 Nicolas Delfosse , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

In this paper, we introduce VeriQBench -- an open source benchmark for quantum circuits. It offers high-level quantum circuit abstractions of various circuit types, including 1) combinational, 2) dynamic, 3) sequential, and 4) variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Kean Chen , Wang Fang , Ji Guan , Xin Hong , Mingyu Huang , Junyi Liu , Qisheng Wang , Mingsheng Ying

Quantum software tools for a wide variety of design tasks on and across different levels of abstraction are crucial in order to eventually realize useful quantum applications. This requires practical and relevant benchmarks for new software…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Evaluating quantum algorithms at utility-scale - involving more than 100 qubits - is a key step toward advancing real-world applications of quantum computing. In this study, we benchmark seven state-of-the-art quantum emulators employing…

Quantum information processing offers promising advances for a wide range of fields and applications, provided that we can efficiently assess the performance of the control applied in candidate systems. That is, we must be able to determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-26 Christopher Granade , Christopher Ferrie , D. G. Cory

With the development of controllable quantum systems, fast and practical characterization for multi-qubit gates is essential for building high-fidelity quantum computing devices. The usual way to fulfill this requirement via randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Yihong Zhang , Wenjun Yu , Pei Zeng , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Existing and near-term quantum computers can only perform two-qubit gates between physically connected qubits. Research has been done on compilers to rewrite quantum programs to match hardware constraints. However, the quantum processor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 Wei Hu , Yang Yang , Weiye Xia , Jiawei Pi , Enyi Huang , Xin-Ding Zhang , Hua Xu

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a fast-growing discipline within quantum computing. One popular QML algorithm, quantum kernel estimation, uses quantum circuits to estimate a similarity measure (kernel) between two classical feature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Travis L. Scholten , Derrick Perry , Joseph Washington , Jennifer R. Glick , Thomas Ward
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