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Cross-platform verification is the task of comparing the output states produced by different physical platforms using solely local quantum operations and classical communication. While protocols have previously been suggested for this task,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Marcel Hinsche , Marios Ioannou , Sofiene Jerbi , Lorenzo Leone , Jens Eisert , Jose Carrasco

Magic state cultivation is a leading approach for generating the resource states required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we present a new cultivation protocol that increases the success probability of magic-state generation in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Yotam Vaknin , Shoham Jacoby , Arne Grimsmo , Alex Retzker

Erasure qubits constitute a promising approach for tackling the daunting resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. By heralding erasure errors, both the error-correction threshold and the sub-threshold scaling of the logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Shoham Jacoby , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Arne L. Grimsmo

Rotation gates are widely used in various quantum algorithms. To implement fault-tolerant rotation gates, state distillation or gate synthesis is typically employed. However, the overhead of these schemes scales rapidly with increasing…

Direct fidelity estimation is a protocol that estimates the fidelity between an experimental quantum state and a target pure state. By measuring the expectation values of Pauli operators selected through importance sampling, the method is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Júlia Barberà-Rodríguez , Mariana Navarro , Leonardo Zambrano

Virtual distillation is a technique that aims to mitigate errors in noisy quantum computers. It works by preparing multiple copies of a noisy quantum state, bridging them through a circuit, and conducting measurements. As the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Peiyi Li , Ji Liu , Hrushikesh Pramod Patil , Paul Hovland , Huiyang Zhou

For certain quantum architectures and algorithms, most of the required resources are consumed during the distillation of one-qubit magic states for use in performing Toffoli gates. I show that the overhead for magic-state distillation can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-27 Bryan Eastin

Motivated by their necessity for most fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes, we formulate a resource theory for magic states. We first show that robustness of magic is a well-behaved magic monotone that operationally quantifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Mark Howard , Earl T. Campbell

A set of stabilizer operations augmented by some special initial states known as 'magic states', gives the possibility of universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, magic state preparation inevitably involves nonideal operations…

We show that using qutrits rather than qubits leads to a substantial reduction in the overhead cost associated with an approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing known as magic state distillation. We construct a family of $[[9m-k, k,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Shiroman Prakash , Tanay Saha

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires high-fidelity logical magic states for implementing non-Clifford operations. Magic-state cultivation provides a lower-overhead route to logical magic-state preparation, but its efficiency is limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Dongmin Kim , Jeonggeun Seo , Aniket Patra , Youngsun Han

Quantum resource distillation is a fundamental task in quantum information science and technology. Minimizing the overhead of distillation is crucial for the realization of quantum computation and other technologies. Here we explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Kun Fang , Zi-Wen Liu

Error correcting codes protect quantum information and form the basis of fault tolerant quantum computing. Leading proposals for fault-tolerant quantum computation require codes with an exceedingly rare property, a transverse non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-12 Earl T. Campbell

Virtual distillation is an error-mitigation technique that reduces quantum-computation errors without assuming the noise type. In scenarios where the user of a quantum circuit is required to additionally employ peripherals, such as delay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Yong Siah Teo , Seongwook Shin , Hyukgun Kwon , Seok-Hyung Lee , Hyunseok Jeong

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Universal quantum computers require entanglement and non-stabilizerness, a resource known as \textit{quantum magic}. Here, we introduce a protocol that prepares magic steady states by leveraging non-Hermitian dynamics, which, contrary to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Pablo Martinez-Azcona , Matthieu Sarkis , Alexandre Tkatchenko , Aurélia Chenu

We propose families of protocols for magic state distillation -- important components of fault tolerance schemes --- for systems of odd prime dimension. Our protocols utilize quantum Reed-Muller codes with transversal non-Clifford gates. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-01 Earl T. Campbell , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

The surface code family is a promising approach to implementing fault-tolerant quantum computations. Universal fault-tolerance requires error-corrected non-Clifford operations, in addition to Clifford gates, and for the former, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Younghun Kim , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

We study the problems of state preparation, ground state preparation and quantum state preparation. We propose an analytic approach to a stochastic quantum algorithm which prepares the ground state for $n$-qubit Hamiltonian that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Taehee Ko , Sungbin Lim

In fault-tolerant quantum computing with the surface code, non-Clifford gates are crucial for universal computation. However, implementing these gates using methods like magic state distillation and code switching requires significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Sheng-Jie Huang , Yanzhu Chen