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Orientation determination does not necessarily require complete knowledge of the local atomic arrangement in a material. We present a method for microstructural phase discrimination and orientation analysis of phases for which there is only…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-06-06 Aimo Winkelmann , Grzegorz Cios , Tomasz Tokarski , Gert Nolze , Ralf Hielscher , Tomasz Kocieł

Electron backscatter diffraction is a widely used technique for nano- to micro-scale analysis of crystal structure and orientation. Backscatter patterns produced by an alloy solid solution matrix and its ordered superlattice exhibit only…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-10-13 Thomas P McAuliffe , David Dye , T Ben Britton

Precise and accurate determination of crystallographic orientation is crucial for engineering van der Waals heterostructures, where the twist angle between layers controls emergent electronic and optical properties. While Electron…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-11 R. Bangari , M. Mosayebi , J. Buchner , J. D. Caldwell , N. Bassim , T. G. Folland

The diffraction patterns of crystalline materials with local order contain sharp Bragg reflections as well as highly structured diffuse scattering. The instrumental requirements, experimental parameters and data processing techniques for…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-11-29 Romy Poppe , Joke Hadermann

Electron backscatter diffraction is a powerful tool for mapping crystallographic microstructures. However, the primary crux to improving orientation accuracy and applying the technique to challenging materials lies in the correct…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-29 Claire Griesbach , Dennis M. Kochmann

Direct electron detection is revolutionizing electron microscopy by offering lower noise, reduced point-spread function, and increased quantum efficiency. Among these advancements, the Timepix3 hybrid-pixel direct electron detector stands…

With the increasing diversity in material systems, ever-expanding number of analysis techniques, and the large capital costs of next generation instruments the ability to quickly and efficiently collect data in the electron microscope has…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-05-10 Matthew Olszta , Kevin Fiedler

Materials characterization using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) requires indexing the orientation of the measured region from Kikuchi patterns. The quality of Kikuchi patterns can degrade due to pattern overlaps arising from two or…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-07 Ashish Chauniyal , Pascal Thome , Markus Stricker

For high (angular) resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD), the selection of a reference diffraction pattern (EBSP0) significantly affects the precision of the calculated strain and rotation maps. This effect was demonstrated…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-02-21 Abdalrhaman Koko , Vivian Tong , Angus J. Wilkinson , T. James Marrow

Electron microscopy (EM) is a foundational tool for directly assessing the structure of materials. Recent advances in direct electron detectors have improved signal-to noise ratios via single-electron counting. However, accurately counting…

Four dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) records the scattering of electrons in a material in great detail. The benefits offered by 4D STEM are substantial, with the wealth of data it provides facilitating for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-09 Daen Jannis , Christoph Hofer , Chuang Gao , Xiaobin Xie , Armand Béché , Timothy J. Pennycook , Jo Verbeeck

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has developed over the last few decades into a valuable crystallographic characterisation method for a wide range of sample types. Despite these advances, issues such as the complexity of sample…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-17 Zoë Broad , Alex W. Robinson , Jack Wells , Daniel Nicholls , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Angus I. Kirkland , Nigel D. Browning

The purpose of this project is to investigate the use of charge couple devices (CCDs) to detect electrons directly. This can be done in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for electrons over 100 KeV, but for space plasma instruments,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-10-28 S. R. Mirfayzi

The recent development of electron sensitive and pixelated detectors has attracted the use of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). Here, we present a precession electron diffraction assisted 4D-STEM…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-10-04 Jiwon Jeong , Niels Cautaerts , Gerhard Dehm , Christian H. Liebscher

Scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron channeling provides rich crystallographic contrast, but the mutual influence of channeling-in and channeling-out is often simplified or…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-28 T. Ben Britton , M. Haroon Qaiser , Ruth M. Birch

Precession of a converged beam during acquisition of a 4D-STEM dataset improves strain, orientation, and phase mapping accuracy by averaging over continuous angles of illumination. Precession experiments usually rely on integrated systems,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-20 Stephanie M. Ribet , Rohan Dhall , Colin Ophus , Karen C. Bustillo

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is a powerful tool that allows for the simultaneous acquisition of spatial and diffraction information, driven by recent advancements in direct electron detector…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-10-23 Ujjval Bansal , Amit Sharma , Barbara Putz , Christoph Kirchlechner , Subin Lee

We present spherical analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns with two new algorithms: (1) band localisation and band profile analysis using the spherical Radon transform; (2) orientation determination using spherical…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-09-04 Ralf Hielscher , Felix Bartel , Thomas Benjamin Britton

Forescatter electron imaging is a popular microscopy technique, especially for scanning electron microscopes equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector. In principal, this method enables qualitative imaging of microstructure…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-06-04 Ben Britton , Daniel Goran , Vivian Tong

Pixelated detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generate large volumes of data, often tens to hundreds of GB per scan. However, to make current advancements scalable and enable widespread adoption, it is essential to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-16 Arno Annys , Hoelen L. Lalandec Robert , Saleh Gholam , Joke Hadermann , Jo Verbeeck