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Quantum key distribution requires tight and reliable bounds on the secret key rate to ensure robust security. This is particularly so for the regime of finite block sizes, where the optimization of generalized R\'enyi entropic quantities is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Rebecca R. B. Chung , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Yu Cai

Quantum conference key agreement is an important cryptographic primitive for future quantum network. Realizing this primitive requires high-brightness and robust multiphoton entanglement sources, which is challenging in experiment and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Chen-Long Li , Yao Fu , Wen-Bo Liu , Yuan-Mei Xie , Bing-Hong Li , Min-Gang Zhou , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We present a simple method to obtain an upper bound on the achievable secret key rate in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that use only unidirectional classical communication during the public-discussion phase. This method is based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

In this article we present a new prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocol that decouples the necessary quantum channel error estimation from its dependency on sifting, or otherwise post-selecting, the detection outcomes. Rather…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-27 James E. Troupe , Jacob M. Farinholt

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to establish a shared secret key that is secure against all-powerful adversaries. One such protocol named B92 is quite appealing due to its simplicity but is highly sensitive to channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec

Real-world BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems utilize imperfect devices that introduce vulnerabilities to their security, known as side-channel attacks. Measurement-Device-Independent (MDI) QKD authorizes an untrusted third party…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Kazi Reaz , Md Mehdi Hassan , Adrien Green , Noah Crum , George Siopsis

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure cryptography, even to attacks from an all-powerful adversary. However, with quantum computing development lagging behind QKD, the assumption that there exists an adversary equipped…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 L. C. G. Govia , D. Bunandar , J. Lin , D. Englund , N. Lütkenhaus , H. Krovi

We consider the Bennett-Brassard cryptographic scheme, which uses two conjugate quantum bases. An eavesdropper who attempts to obtain information on qubits sent in one of the bases causes a disturbance to qubits sent in the other basis. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christopher A. Fuchs , Nicolas Gisin , Robert B. Griffiths , Chi-Sheng Niu , Asher Peres

Uncertainty relations give upper bounds on the accuracy by which the outcomes of two incompatible measurements can be predicted. While established uncertainty relations apply to cases where the predictions are based on purely classical data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Marco Tomamichel , Renato Renner

Rigorously establishing that the error in an experimental quantum operation is beneath the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation currently requires considering the worst-case error, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Joel J. Wallman

The privacy amplification term, of which the lower bound needs to be estimated with the decoy-state method, plays a positive role in the secure key rate formula for decoy-state quantum key distribution. In previous work, the yield and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-17 Haodong Jiang , Ming Gao , Hong Wang , Hongxin Li , Zhi Ma

Overcoming repeaterless bounds for the secret key rate capacity of quantum key distribution protocols is still a challenge with current technology. D. Luong et al. [Applied Physics B 122, 96 (2016)] proposed a protocol to beat a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Róbert Trényi , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) is a revolutionary protocol since it is physically immune to all attacks on the detection side. However, the protocol still keeps the strict assumptions on the source side…

We propose a new upper bound for the eavesdropper's information in the direct and reverse reconciliated coherent states quantum key distribution protocols with heterodyne detection. This bound is derived by maximizing the leaked information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-17 Jerome Lodewyck , Philippe Grangier

Though the BB84 protocol has provable security over a noiseless quantum channel, the security is not proven over current noisy technology. The level of tolerable error on such systems is still unclear, as is how much information about a raw…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Brian Pigott , Elizabeth Campolongo , Hardik Routray , Alex Khan

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

We study the fundamental limits of covert communications over general memoryless additive-noise channels. We assume that the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper share the same channel and therefore see the same outputs. Under mild…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Cécile Bouette , Laura Luzzi , Ligong Wang

In this work, the rate-distance limit of continuous variable quantum key distribution is studied. We find that the excess noise generated on Bob's side and the method for calculating the excess noise restrict the rate-distance limit. Then,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Xuyang Wang , Siyou Guo , Pu Wang

The device-independent framework constitutes the most pragmatic approach to quantum protocols that does not put any trust in their implementations. It requires all claims, about e.g. security, to be made at the level of the final classical…

Differential phase shift quantum key distribution systems have a high potential for achieving high speed key generation. However, its unconditional security proof is still missing, even though it has been proposed for many years. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-28 Yi-Bo Zhao , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Zheng-Fu Han , Guang-Can Guo