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Smart cities around the world have begun monitoring parking areas in order to estimate available parking spots and help drivers looking for parking. The current results are promising, indeed. However, existing approaches are limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Andrei Ionita , André Pomp , Michael Cochez , Tobias Meisen , Stefan Decker

Deep reinforcement Learning for end-to-end driving is limited by the need of complex reward engineering. Sparse rewards can circumvent this challenge but suffers from long training time and leads to sub-optimal policy. In this work, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Pranav Agarwal , Pierre de Beaucorps , Raoul de Charette

End-to-End paradigms use a unified framework to implement multi-tasks in an autonomous driving system. Despite simplicity and clarity, the performance of end-to-end autonomous driving methods on sub-tasks is still far behind the single-task…

Cloud computing has been a main-stream computing service for years. Recently, with the rapid development in urbanization, massive video surveillance data are produced at an unprecedented speed. A traditional solution to deal with the big…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Ruimin Ke , Yifan Zhuang , Ziyuan Pu , Yinhai Wang

Autonomous car racing is a challenging task, as it requires precise applications of control while the vehicle is operating at cornering speeds. Traditional autonomous pipelines require accurate pre-mapping, localization, and planning which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Dvij Kalaria , Qin Lin , John M. Dolan

Tactical decision making and strategic motion planning for autonomous highway driving are challenging due to the complication of predicting other road users' behaviors, diversity of environments, and complexity of the traffic interactions.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Majid Moghadam , Ali Alizadeh , Engin Tekin , Gabriel Hugh Elkaim

The increase in vehicle ownership has led to increased traffic congestion, more accidents, and higher carbon emissions. Vehicle platooning is a promising solution to address these issues by improving road capacity and reducing fuel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiale Zhang , Yeqiang Qian , Tong Qin , Mingyang Jiang , Siyuan Chen , Ming Yang

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving models have demonstrated strong performance in open-loop evaluations but often suffer from cascading errors and poor generalization in closed-loop settings. To address this gap, we propose Model-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Haohong Lin , Yunzhi Zhang , Wenhao Ding , Jiajun Wu , Ding Zhao

End-to-end differentiable learning for autonomous driving (AD) has recently become a prominent paradigm. One main bottleneck lies in its voracious appetite for high-quality labeled data e.g. 3D bounding boxes and semantic segmentation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Han Lu , Xiaosong Jia , Yichen Xie , Wenlong Liao , Xiaokang Yang , Junchi Yan

A principal barrier to large-scale deployment of urban autonomous driving systems lies in the prevalence of complex scenarios and edge cases. Existing systems fail to effectively interpret semantic information within traffic contexts and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yuhang Zhang , Jiaqi Liu , Chengkai Xu , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Indian vehicle number plates have wide variety in terms of size, font, script and shape. Development of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) solutions is therefore challenging, necessitating a diverse dataset to serve as a collection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Sai Sirisha Nadiminti , Pranav Kant Gaur , Abhilash Bhardwaj

Autonomous driving is getting a lot of attention in the last decade and will be the hot topic at least until the first successful certification of a car with Level 5 autonomy. There are many public datasets in the academic community.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Michal Uricar , David Hurych , Pavel Krizek , Senthil Yogamani

The Waymo Open Dataset has been released recently, providing a platform to crowdsource some fundamental challenges for automated vehicles (AVs), such as 3D detection and tracking. While~the dataset provides a large amount of high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Zhicheng Gu , Zhihao Li , Xuan Di , Rongye Shi

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

Safe and scalable deployment of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving requires extensive and diverse data, particularly safety-critical events. Existing data are mostly generated from simulators with a significant sim-to-real gap or collected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jiawei Wang , Haowei Sun , Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , Jun Gao , Henry X. Liu

End-to-end (E2E) driving has become a cornerstone of both industry deployment and academic research, offering a single learnable pipeline that maps multi-sensor inputs to actions while avoiding hand-engineered modules. However, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yu Gao , Jijun Wang , Zongzheng Zhang , Anqing Jiang , Yiru Wang , Yuwen Heng , Shuo Wang , Hao Sun , Zhangfeng Hu , Hao Zhao

End-to-end autonomous driving has received increasing attention due to its potential to learn from large amounts of data. However, most existing methods are still open-loop and suffer from weak scalability, lack of high-order interactions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenzhao Zheng , Zetian Xia , Yuanhui Huang , Sicheng Zuo , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to map raw pixels from a single front-facing camera directly to steering commands. This end-to-end approach proved surprisingly powerful. With minimum training data from humans the system…

In autonomous driving, end-to-end planners directly utilize raw sensor data, enabling them to extract richer scene features and reduce information loss compared to traditional planners. This raises a crucial research question: how can we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yingyan Li , Lue Fan , Jiawei He , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Tieniu Tan

Automated driving is an active area of research in both industry and academia. Automated Parking, which is automated driving in a restricted scenario of parking with low speed manoeuvring, is a key enabling product for fully autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Markus Heimberger , Jonathan Horgan , Ciaran Hughes , John McDonald , Senthil Yogamani