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Autonomous driving is of great interest to industry and academia alike. The use of machine learning approaches for autonomous driving has long been studied, but mostly in the context of perception. In this paper we take a deeper look on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Ardi Tampuu , Maksym Semikin , Naveed Muhammad , Dmytro Fishman , Tambet Matiisen

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) which are trained end-to-end have been successfully applied to solve complex problems that we have not been able to solve in past decades. Autonomous driving is one of the most complex problems which is yet to be…

Learning a human-like driving policy from large-scale driving demonstrations is promising, but the uncertainty and non-deterministic nature of planning make it challenging. Existing learning-based planning methods follow a deterministic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bo Jiang , Shaoyu Chen , Hao Gao , Bencheng Liao , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Most existing autonomous-driving datasets (e.g., KITTI, nuScenes, and the Waymo Perception Dataset), collected by human-driving mode or unidentified driving mode, can only serve as early training for the perception and prediction of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xiangyu Li , Chen Wang , Yumao Liu , Dengbo He , Jiahao Zhang , Ke Ma

End-to-end autonomous driving provides a feasible way to automatically maximize overall driving system performance by directly mapping the raw pixels from a front-facing camera to control signals. Recent advanced methods construct a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zeyu Gao , Yao Mu , Chen Chen , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Ping Luo , Yanfeng Lu

Recent advances in generative models have sparked exciting new possibilities in the field of autonomous vehicles. Specifically, video generation models are now being explored as controllable virtual testing environments. Simultaneously,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jiahao Wang , Zhenpei Yang , Yijing Bai , Yingwei Li , Yuliang Zou , Bo Sun , Abhijit Kundu , Jose Lezama , Luna Yue Huang , Zehao Zhu , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan , Chiyu Max Jiang

In this paper, we proposed a novel and practical solution for the real-time indoor localization of autonomous driving in parking lots. High-level landmarks, the parking slots, are extracted and enriched with labels to avoid the aliasing of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Yewei Huang , Junqiao Zhao , Xudong He , Shaoming Zhang , Tiantian Feng

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving has recently emerged as a new paradigm, offering significant potential. However, few studies have looked into the practical challenge of deployment across domains (e.g., cities). Although several works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rajeev Yasarla , Shizhong Han , Hsin-Pai Cheng , Litian Liu , Shweta Mahajan , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Yunxiao Shi , Risheek Garrepalli , Hong Cai , Fatih Porikli

Recent works in end-to-end control for autonomous driving have investigated the use of vision-based exteroceptive perception. Inspired by such results, we propose a new end-to-end memory-based neural architecture for robot steering and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Sergio Paniego Blanco , Sakshay Mahna , Utkarsh A. Mishra , JoseMaria Canas

End-to-End Autonomous Driving (E2E-AD) systems are typically grouped by the nature of their outputs: (i) waypoint-based models that predict a future trajectory, and (ii) action-based models that directly output throttle, steer and brake.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jorge Daniel Rodríguez-Vidal , Gabriel Villalonga , Diego Porres , Antonio M. López Peña

Diffusion models have become a popular choice for decision-making tasks in robotics, and more recently, are also being considered for solving autonomous driving tasks. However, their applications and evaluations in autonomous driving remain…

Accessible parking is critical for people with disabilities (PwDs), allowing equitable access to destinations, independent mobility, and community participation. Despite mandates, there has been no large-scale investigation of the quality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jared Hwang , Chu Li , Hanbyul Kang , Maryam Hosseini , Jon E. Froehlich

In the field of autonomous driving, end-to-end deep learning models show great potential by learning driving decisions directly from sensor data. However, training these models requires large amounts of labeled data, which is time-consuming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wenhao Jiang , Duo Li , Menghan Hu , Chao Ma , Ke Wang , Zhipeng Zhang

Closed-loop evaluation is increasingly critical for end-to-end autonomous driving. Current closed-loop benchmarks using the CARLA simulator rely on manually configured traffic scenarios, which can diverge from real-world conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haibao Yu , Wenxian Yang , Ruiyang Hao , Chuanye Wang , Jiaru Zhong , Ping Luo , Zaiqing Nie

Current navigation systems conflate time-to-drive with the true time-to-arrive by ignoring parking search duration and the final walking leg. Such underestimation can significantly affect user experience, mode choice, congestion, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Cameron Hickert , Sirui Li , Zhengbing He , Cathy Wu

As autonomous driving technology matures, end-to-end methodologies have emerged as a leading strategy, promising seamless integration from perception to control via deep learning. However, existing systems grapple with challenges such as…

End-to-end autonomous driving solutions, which directly process multimodal sensory data and output fine-grained control commands, have gradually become a mainstream direction with the development of autonomous driving technology. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runyi Huang , Ni Ding , Ruidan Xing , Yuheng Shi , Lei He , Keqiang Li

Existing research on parking availability sensing mainly relies on extensive contextual and historical information. In practice, the availability of such information is a challenge as it requires continuous collection of sensory signals. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Wei Shao , Sichen Zhao , Zhen Zhang , Shiyu Wang , Mohammad Saiedur Rahaman , Andy Song , Flora Dilys Salim

Real-time parking occupancy information is critical for a parking management system to facilitate drivers to park more efficiently. Recent advances in connected and automated vehicle technologies enable sensor-equipped cars (probe cars) to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Xinyi Wu , Kartik Balkumar , Qi Luo , Robert Hampshire , Romesh Saigal

With the rapid advancement of autonomous driving technology, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has emerged as a key enabler for extending perception range and enhancing driving safety by providing visibility beyond the line of…