Related papers: PALACE v1.0: Paranal Airglow Line And Continuum Em…
The Earth's atmosphere affects ground-based astronomical observations. Scattering, absorption, and radiation processes deteriorate the signal-to-noise ratio of the data received. For scheduling astronomical observations it is, therefore,…
The Earth's mesopause region between about 75 and 105 km is characterised by chemiluminescent emission from various lines of different molecules and atoms. This emission was and is important for the study of the chemistry and dynamics in…
Estimating the sky background is critical for ground-based astronomical research. In the optical, scattered moonlight dominates the sky background, when the moon is above the horizon. The most uncertain component of a scattered moonlight…
This article aims at proving the feasibility of the forecast of all the most relevant classical atmospherical parameters for astronomical applications (wind speed and direction, temperature) above the ESO ground-base site of Cerro Paranal…
The nocturnal mesopause region of the Earth's atmosphere radiates chemiluminescent emission from various roto-vibrational bands of hydroxyl (OH), which is therefore a good tracer of the chemistry and dynamics at the emission altitudes.…
We have used 23 years of Hubble Space Telescope ACS/SBC data to study what background levels are encountered in practice and how much they vary. The backgrounds vary considerably, with F115LP, F122M, F125LP, PR110L, and PR130L all showing…
(abridged) Planck has observed the entire sky from 30 GHz to 857GHz. The observed foreground emission contains contributions from different phases of the interstellar medium (ISM). We have separated the observed Galactic emission into the…
Aims Determining the intensity of lines and continuum airglow emission in the H-band is important for the design of faint-object infrared spectrographs. Existing spectra at low/medium resolution cannot disentangle the true sky-continuum…
Aims: The present study was conducted to determine the optical extinction curve for Cerro Paranal under typical clear-sky observing conditions, with an accuracy of 0.01 mag/airmass. Methods: The extinction curve of Paranal was obtained…
Ground-based optical astronomical observations supported by or in the vicinity of laser guide-star systems can be contaminated by Raman-scattered laser photons. Anticipating, alleviating, and correcting for the impact of this self-inflicted…
The airglow continuum in the near infrared is a challenge to quantify due to its faintness, and the grating scattered light from atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) emission lines. Despite its faintness, the airglow continuum sets the fundamental…
In the last decade, ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have discovered about 175 very-high-energy (VHE; $E >$ 100 GeV) gamma-ray sources, with more to follow with the development of H.E.S.S. II and CTA. Nearly 40 of these…
First results of multi-wavelength measurements of the twilight sky background using all-sky camera with RGB-color CCD conducted in spring and summer of 2016 in central Russia (55.2 deg N, 37.5 deg E) are discussed. They show the effect of…
We present a new pulsar wind nebula (PWN) model solving both advection and diffusion of non-thermal particles in a self-consistent way to satisfy the momentum and energy conservation laws. Assuming spherically symmetric (1--D) steady…
Nighttime monitoring of the aerosol content of the lower atmosphere is a challenging task, because appropriate reference natural light sources are lacking. Here we show that the anthropogenic night sky brightness due to city lights can be…
Observations of the Earth as a planet using the earthshine technique (i.e. looking at the light reflected from the darkside of the Moon), have been used for climate and astrobiology studies. They provide information about the planetary…
The atmospheric attenuation of Cherenkov photons is dominated by two processes: Rayleigh scattering from the molecular component and Mie scattering from the aerosol component. Aerosols are expected to contribute up to 30 Wm$^{-2}$ to the…
X-ray emission spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to study continuum lowering in dense plasmas. It relies on accurate atomic physics models to robustly reproduce high-resolution emission spectra, and depends on our ability to…
Airborne and space-based low-resolution spectroscopy in the 1980s discovered tantalizing quantitative relationships between the gas phase C/O abundance ratio in planetary nebulae (PNe) and the fractions of total far-infrared luminosity…
We present the Planck Sky Model (PSM), a parametric model for the generation of all-sky, few arcminute resolution maps of sky emission at submillimetre to centimetre wavelengths, in both intensity and polarisation. Several options are…