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The discovery of quantum key distribution by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) bases on the fundamental quantum feature: incompatibility of measurements of quantum non-commuting observables. In 1991 Ekert showed that cryptographic key can be…

Standard quantum inference converts quantum data into classical outputs. We study an alternative inference setting in which the desired output is quantum, preserving coherence. Such settings include quantum purity amplification (QPA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Zhaoyi Li , Elias Theil , Aram W. Harrow , Isaac Chuang

Quantum Mechanics (QM) is a quantum probability theory based on the density matrix. The possibility of applying classical probability theory, which is based on the probability distribution function(PDF), to describe quantum systems is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-12 Jinshan Wu , Shouyong Pei

Several classes of quantum circuits have been shown to provide a quantum computational advantage under certain assumptions. The study of ever more restricted classes of quantum circuits capable of quantum advantage is motivated by possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Michael de Oliveira , Luís S. Barbosa , Ernesto F. Galvão

The quantum theory (QT) and new stochastic approaches have no deterministic prediction for a single measurement or for a single time -series of events observed for a trapped ion, electron or any other individual physical system. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-04 Marian Kupczynski

The discovery of quantum key distribution by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) bases on the fundamental quantum feature: incompatibility of measurements of quantum non-commuting observables. In 1991 Ekert showed that cryptographic key can be…

Quantum-proof randomness extractors are an important building block for classical and quantum cryptography as well as device independent randomness amplification and expansion. Furthermore they are also a useful tool in quantum Shannon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-05 Mario Berta , Omar Fawzi , Volkher B. Scholz

A quantum probability model is introduced and used to explain human probability judgment errors including the conjunction, disjunction, inverse, and conditional fallacies, as well as unpacking effects and partitioning effects. Quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-16 Jerome R. Busemeyer , Riccardo Franco , Emmanuel M. Pothos

This work studies the quantum query complexity of Boolean functions in a scenario where it is only required that the query algorithm succeeds with a probability strictly greater than 1/2. We show that, just as in the communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Ashley Montanaro , Harumichi Nishimura , Rudy Raymond

Randomness is a key feature of quantum physics. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle reveals the existence of an intrinsic noise, usually explored through Gaussian squeezed states. Due to their insufficiency for quantum advantage, the focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Vojtěch Kala , Jiří Fadrný , Michal Neset , Jan Bílek , Petr Marek , Miroslav Ježek

A short and elementary proof of the joint convexity of relative entropy is presented, using nothing beyond linear algebra. The key ingredients are an easily verified integral representation and the strategy used to prove the Cauchy-Schwarz…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Mary Beth Ruskai

Semidefinite programming optimises a linear objective function over a spectrahedron, and is one of the major advances of mathematical optimisation. Spectrahedra are described by linear pencils, which are linear matrix polynomials with…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Ben Lawrence

A unified conceptual foundation of classical and quantum physics is given, free of undefined terms. Ensembles are defined by extending the `probability via expectation' approach of Whittle to noncommuting quantities. This approach carries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

There is a long history of representing a quantum state using a quasi-probability distribution: a distribution allowing negative values. In this paper we extend such representations to deal with quantum channels. The result is a convex,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-05 John van de Wetering

We prove a theorem which implies a quantum (multiplicative) analogue of the Horn conjecture, and also of the saturation conjecture. We obtain transversality statements for quantum schubert calculus in any characteristic and also determine…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Prakash Belkale

In this paper we develop the topics of Quantum Recurrences and of Quantum Fidelity which have attracted great interest in recent years. The return probability is given by the square modulus of the overlap between a given initial wavepacket…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Monique Combescure

As a compact representation of joint probability distributions over a dependence graph of random variables, and a tool for modelling and reasoning in the presence of uncertainty, Bayesian networks are of great importance for artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-06 Michael de Oliveira , Luis Soares Barbosa

Standard quantum mechanics employs complex Hilbert spaces, but whether complex numbers are fundamental or merely convenient has long been debated. For decades, real-valued equivalents were considered mathematically possible but cumbersome.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Alan C. Maioli , Evaldo M. F. Curado , Jean-Pierre Gazeau

Well defined quantum field theory (QFT) for the electroweak force including quantum electrodynamics (QED) and the weak force is obtained by considering natural unitary representations of a group $K\subset U(2,2)$, where $K$ is locally…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 John Mashford

We use strong complementarity to introduce dynamics and symmetries within the framework of CQM, which we also extend to infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces: these were long-missing features, which open the way to a wealth of new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-29 Stefano Gogioso