English
Related papers

Related papers: Metric-Guided Synthesis of Class Activation Mappin…

200 papers

Interpreting complex deep networks, notably pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), is a formidable challenge. Current Class Activation Map (CAM) methods highlight regions revealing the model's decision-making basis but lack clear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yuguang Yang , Runtang Guo , Sheng Wu , Yimi Wang , Linlin Yang , Bo Fan , Jilong Zhong , Juan Zhang , Baochang Zhang

We propose a technique for making Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based models more transparent by visualizing input regions that are 'important' for predictions -- or visual explanations. Our approach, called Gradient-weighted Class…

Class activation map (CAM) has been widely studied for visual explanation of the internal working mechanism of convolutional neural networks. The key of existing CAM-based methods is to compute effective weights to combine activation maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Hui Li , Zihao Li , Rui Ma , Tieru Wu

In recent years, several advances have been observed in Deep Learning with surprising results. Models in this area have been increasingly used in numerous applications, including those sensitive to human life, which require clear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Daniel da Silva Costa , Pedro Nuno de Souza Moura , Adriana C. F. Alvim

Class activation map (CAM) highlights regions of classes based on classification network, which is widely used in weakly supervised tasks. However, it faces the problem that the class activation regions are usually small and local. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Kaixu Huang , Fanman Meng , Hongliang Li , Shuai Chen , Qingbo Wu , King N. Ngan

Existing method generates class activation map (CAM) by a set of fixed classes (i.e., using all the classes), while the discriminative cues between class pairs are not considered. Note that activation maps by considering different class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Fanman Meng , Kaixu Huang , Hongliang Li , Qingbo Wu

With the intervention of machine vision in our crucial day to day necessities including healthcare and automated power plants, attention has been drawn to the internal mechanisms of convolutional neural networks, and the reason why the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ram S Iyer , Narayan S Iyer , Rugmini Ammal P

Decisions made by convolutional neural networks(CNN) can be understood and explained by visualizing discriminative regions on images. To this end, Class Activation Map (CAM) based methods were proposed as powerful interpretation tools,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Yi Liao , Yongsheng Gao , Weichuan Zhang

We present a set of metrics that utilize vision priors to effectively assess the performance of saliency methods on image classification tasks. To understand behavior in deep learning models, many methods provide visual saliency maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Rangel Daroya , Aaron Sun , Subhransu Maji

Despite the tremendous success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision, the mechanism of CNNs still lacks clear interpretation. Currently, class activation mapping (CAM), a famous visualization technique to interpret…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Zhenpeng Feng , Hongbing Ji , Milos Dakovic , Xiyang Cui , Mingzhe Zhu , Ljubisa Stankovic

Explaining deep convolutional neural networks has been recently drawing increasing attention since it helps to understand the networks' internal operations and why they make certain decisions. Saliency maps, which emphasize salient regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Quan Zheng , Ziwei Wang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Class attribution maps (CAMs) provide local explanations for the decisions of convolutional neural networks. While widely used in practice, the evaluation of CAMs remains challenging due to the lack of ground-truth explanations, making it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Luca Domeniconi , Alessandra Stramiglio , Michele Lombardi , Samuele Salti

A benchmark of saliency models performance with a synthetic image dataset is provided. Model performance is evaluated through saliency metrics as well as the influence of model inspiration and consistency with human psychophysics. SID4VAM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-30 David Berga , Xosé R. Fdez-Vidal , Xavier Otazu , Xosé M. Pardo

Explainability is a vital aspect of modern AI for real-world impact and usability. The main objective of this paper is to emphasise the need to understand the predictions of Computer Vision models, specifically Convolutional Neural Network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ravidu Suien Rammuni Silva , Jordan J. Bird

To have a better understanding and usage of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), the visualization and interpretation of CNNs has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In particular, several Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Ruigang Fu , Qingyong Hu , Xiaohu Dong , Yulan Guo , Yinghui Gao , Biao Li

The performance of convolutional neural networks has continued to improve over the last decade. At the same time, as model complexity grows, it becomes increasingly more difficult to explain model decisions. Such explanations may be of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Colton Crum , Patrick Tinsley , Aidan Boyd , Jacob Piland , Christopher Sweet , Timothy Kelley , Kevin Bowyer , Adam Czajka

The class activation mapping, or CAM, has been the cornerstone of feature attribution methods for multiple vision tasks. Its simplicity and effectiveness have led to wide applications in the explanation of visual predictions and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Jae Myung Kim , Junsuk Choe , Zeynep Akata , Seong Joon Oh

We propose a technique for producing "visual explanations" for decisions from a large class of CNN-based models, making them more transparent. Our approach - Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), uses the gradients of any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Ramprasaath R. Selvaraju , Michael Cogswell , Abhishek Das , Ramakrishna Vedantam , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra

The black-box nature of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) severely hinders its performance improvement and application in specific scenes. In recent years, class activation mapping-based method has been widely used to interpret the internal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Chunyan Zeng , Kang Yan , Zhifeng Wang , Yan Yu , Shiyan Xia , Nan Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success across domains but remain difficult to interpret, limiting their trustworthiness in high-stakes applications. This paper focuses on deep vision models, for which a dominant line…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Qiming Zhao , Xingjian Li , Xiaoyu Cao , Xiaolong Wu , Min Xu