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The impressive development of large language models (LLMs) is expanding into the realm of large multimodal models (LMMs), which incorporate multiple types of data beyond text. However, the nature of multimodal models leads to significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Dongjae Shin , Hyeonseok Lim , Inho Won , Changsu Choi , Minjun Kim , Seungwoo Song , Hangyeol Yoo , Sangmin Kim , Kyungtae Lim

Generative large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, which can be further augmented by integrating a pre-trained vision model into the original LLM to create a multimodal LLM (MLLM). However, this integration often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shikhar Srivastava , Md Yousuf Harun , Robik Shrestha , Christopher Kanan

In education, the capability of generating human-like text of Large Language Models (LLMs) inspired work on how they can increase the efficiency of learning and teaching. We study the affordability of these models for educators and students…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Bianca Raimondi , Saverio Giallorenzo , Maurizio Gabbrielli

English, as a very high-resource language, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same cannot be said for most other languages, as leading LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

Recent advancements in self-improvement for Large Language Models (LLMs) have efficiently enhanced model capabilities without significantly increasing costs, particularly in terms of human effort. While this area is still relatively young,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Shijian Deng , Kai Wang , Tianyu Yang , Harsh Singh , Yapeng Tian

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrated transformative capabilities in many applications that require automatically generating responses based on human instruction. However, the major challenge for building LLMs, particularly in Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Shantipriya Parida , Shakshi Panwar , Kusum Lata , Sanskruti Mishra , Sambit Sekhar

Instruction-tuning language models has become a crucial step in aligning them for general use. Typically, this process involves extensive training on large datasets, incurring high training costs. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dheeraj Mekala , Alex Nguyen , Jingbo Shang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in natural language processing tasks. Recommender systems traditionally use methods such as collaborative filtering and matrix factorization, as well as advanced techniques like deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Makbule Gulcin Ozsoy

Open-source Large Language models (OsLLMs) propel the democratization of natural language research by giving the flexibility to augment or update model parameters for performance improvement. Nevertheless, like proprietary LLMs, Os-LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arijit Nag , Soumen Chakrabarti , Animesh Mukherjee , Niloy Ganguly

Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language tasks, marking significant strides towards general artificial intelligence. While general artificial intelligence is leveraged by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yizhe Yang , Huashan Sun , Jiawei Li , Runheng Liu , Yinghao Li , Yuhang Liu , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly better at a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks (NLP), such as text generation and understanding. Recently, these models have extended their capabilities to coding tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Nishat Raihan , Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Joanna C. S. Santos , Marcos Zampieri

This research explores a hybrid approach to fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) by integrating real-world and synthetic data to boost model performance, particularly in generating accurate and contextually relevant responses. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Alexey Zhezherau , Alexei Yanockin

Embedding models are crucial for various natural language processing tasks but can be limited by factors such as limited vocabulary, lack of context, and grammatical errors. This paper proposes a novel approach to improve embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Nicholas Harris , Anand Butani , Syed Hashmy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized both general natural language processing and domain-specific applications such as code synthesis, legal reasoning, and finance. However, while prior studies have explored individual model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gunjan Das , Paheli Bhattacharya , Rishabh Gupta

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities in general visual understanding and reasoning tasks. However, their deployment is hindered by substantial computational costs in both training and inference,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Muyang He , Yexin Liu , Boya Wu , Jianhao Yuan , Yueze Wang , Tiejun Huang , Bo Zhao

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in linguistically diverse regions like India, yet most interpretability tools remain tailored to English. Prior work reveals that LLMs often operate in English centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mihir Panchal , Deeksha Varshney , Mamta , Asif Ekbal

This study investigates the factors influencing the performance of multilingual large language models (MLLMs) across diverse languages. We study 6 MLLMs, including masked language models, autoregressive models, and instruction-tuned LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Ameeta Agrawal

Transliteration, the process of mapping text from one script to another, plays a crucial role in multilingual natural language processing, especially within linguistically diverse contexts such as India. Despite significant advancements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Gulfarogh Azam , Mohd Sadique , Saif Ali , Mohammad Nadeem , Erik Cambria , Shahab Saquib Sohail , Mohammad Sultan Alam

Medical large language models hold promise for reducing healthcare disparities, yet Hindi remains severely underrepresented. While medical LLMs excel in high-resource languages, their performance degrades sharply in Hindi, particularly on…