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Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly, with new models frequently claiming support for an increasing number of languages. However, existing evaluation datasets are limited and lack cross-lingual alignment, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Wenhan Han , Yifan Zhang , Zhixun Chen , Binbin Liu , Haobin Lin , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Meng Fang , Yin Zheng

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hangfan Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Shicheng Liu , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Large language models (LLMs) are used worldwide, yet exhibit Western cultural tendencies. Many countries are now building ``regional'' or ``sovereign'' LLMs, but it remains unclear whether they reflect local values and practices or merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Dhruv Agarwal , Anya Shukla , Sunayana Sitaram , Aditya Vashistha

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in high-resource languages like English, yet their effectiveness in low-resource and morphologically rich languages remains underexplored. In this paper, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengxuan Xia , Qianye Wu , Hongbin Guan , Sixuan Tian , Yilun Hao , Xiaoyu Wu

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) develop cross-lingual abilities despite being trained on limited parallel data. However, they often struggle to generate responses in the intended language, favoring high-resource languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Morteza Dehghani

Results reported in large-scale multilingual evaluations are often fragmented and confounded by factors such as target languages, differences in experimental setups, and model choices. We propose a framework that disentangles these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Songbo Hu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in Natural Language Processing (NLP), yet their cross-lingual performance consistency remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel methodology for efficiently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zixiang Xu , Yanbo Wang , Yue Huang , Xiuying Chen , Jieyu Zhao , Meng Jiang , Xiangliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are predominantly trained on English-centric data, resulting in uneven performance for smaller languages. We study whether continued pretraining (CPT) can substantially improve Estonian capabilities in a…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, ensuring their effectiveness across multiple languages presents unique challenges. Multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shubham Vatsal , Harsh Dubey , Aditi Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in educational and learning applications. Research has demonstrated that controlling for style, to fit the needs of the learner, fosters increased understanding, promotes inclusion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ankit Aich , Tingting Liu , Salvatore Giorgi , Kelsey Isman , Lyle Ungar , Brenda Curtis

Large Language Models are traditionally finetuned on large instruction datasets. However recent studies suggest that small, high-quality datasets can suffice for general purpose instruction following. This lack of consensus surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Aditi Jha , Sam Havens , Jeremy Dohmann , Alex Trott , Jacob Portes

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has improved text understanding and generation but poses challenges in computational resources. This study proposes a curriculum learning-inspired, data-centric training strategy that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Jisu Kim , Juhwan Lee

Most Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to date are trained predominantly on English data, which makes them struggle to understand non-English input and fail to generate output in the desired target language. Existing efforts mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Gregor Geigle , Florian Schneider , Carolin Holtermann , Chris Biemann , Radu Timofte , Anne Lauscher , Goran Glavaš

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in multilingual and code-mixed communication settings. This research evaluates the performance of seven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Millicent Ochieng , Varun Gumma , Sunayana Sitaram , Jindong Wang , Vishrav Chaudhary , Keshet Ronen , Kalika Bali , Jacki O'Neill

Previous research has shown that LLMs have potential in multilingual NLG evaluation tasks. However, existing research has not fully explored the differences in the evaluation capabilities of LLMs across different languages. To this end,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jiayi Chang , Mingqi Gao , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

Large language models (LLMs) are very proficient text generators. We leverage this capability of LLMs to generate task-specific data via zero-shot prompting and promote cross-lingual transfer for low-resource target languages. Given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Barah Fazili , Ashish Sunil Agrawal , Preethi Jyothi

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in English, but their performance degrades significantly on low-resource languages (LRLs) due to English-centric training. While methods like LangBridge align LLMs with multilingual encoders such as the…

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created a significant disparity: industrial research labs with their computational resources, expert teams, and advanced infrastructures, can effectively fine-tune LLMs, while individual…

While multilingual large language models generally perform adequately, and sometimes even rival English performance on high-resource languages (HRLs), they often significantly underperform on low-resource languages (LRLs). Among several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yilei Tu , Andrew Xue , Freda Shi

Instruction-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in numerous few-shot or zero-shot Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, creating human-annotated instruction data is time-consuming, expensive, and often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Aniruddha Roy , Pretam Ray , Abhilash Nandy , Somak Aditya , Pawan Goyal